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Table 4 Multivariable analysis of association between inotrope exposure and renal dysfunctiona

From: The relationship between inotrope exposure, six-hour postoperative physiological variables, hospital mortality and renal dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Variable

Crude odds ratio

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

Pvalue

Inotrope status

   

   Inotrope unexposed (ref)

1.0

1.0

 

   Inotrope exposed

7.5

2.7 (1.5 to 4.6)

< 0.001

Parsonnet score

   

   0 to 9 (ref)

1.0

1.0

 

   10 to 14

1.5

1.2 (0.7 to 2.4)

0.59

   15 to 19

2.1

1.4 (0.7 to 2.9)

0.35

   20 to 29

3.6

2.3 (1.2 to 4.3)

0.01

   ≥ 30

6.5

2.8 (1.3 to 6.1)

0.007

Ejection fraction

   

   LVEF ≥ 30%

1.0

  

   LVEF < 30%

1.6

1.0 (0.6 to 1.7)

0.97

Intraaortic balloon pump use

   

   No perioperative IABP use

1.0

  

   Perioperative IABP use

5.4

2.7 (1.6 to 4.7)

< 0.001

Bypass timeb

1.5

1.2 (1.1 to 1.4)

< 0.001

Reoperative status

   

   No reoperation

1.0

  

   Reoperation

4.5

2.3 (1.2 to 4.5)

0.02

Renal dysfunction

   

   Normal preoperative renal function

1.0

  

   Preoperative renal dysfunction

3.7

1.7 (0.8 to 3.6)

0.14

Cardiac index at six hours, L/min

   

   Cardiac index ≥ 2.2 (ref)

1.0

1.0

 

   Cardiac index < 2.2

1.7

1.0 (0.6 to 1.9)

0.88

  1. aLVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; IABP, intraaortic balloon pump; ref, reference value; CI, confidence interval; bmodelled linearly as an increase in bypass time of 30 minutes.