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Table 3 Risk factors for ICU mortality for 2009 pandemic and post-pandemic Influenza (H1N1)v infection patients.

From: Pandemic and post-pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) infection in critically ill patients

Variable

Pandemic period

N = 648

Post-pandemic period

N = 349

Risk factor

Alive

(n = 507)

Death

(n = 141)

P- value

Alive

(n = 244)

Death

(n = 105)

P-v alue

SOFA

4.9 (3.0)

8.4 (4.3)

<0.001

5.1 (3.5)

8.6 (4.1)

<0.001

APACHE

12.53 (6.1)

19.69 (8.3)

<0.001

14.11 (6.1)

21.2 (8.5)

<0.001

Demographics

Age. Mean (SD)

43.72 (14.0)

48.4 (16.3)

<0.001

49.0 (14.1)

52.0 (14.3)

0.07

Male sex

285 (56.2)

89 (63.1)

0.14

162 (66.4)

75 (71.4)

0.35

Comorbidities

      

≥1 underlying medical conditions

353 (69.6)

112 (79.4)

0.02

177 (72.5)

81 (77.1)

0.3

COPD

87 (17.2)

21(14.9)

0.52

52 (21.3)

26 (24.8)

0.47

Asthma

69 (13.6)

12 (8.5)

0.105

23 (9.4)

5 (4.8)

0.14

Chronic heart failure

31(6.1)

16(11.3)

0.03

23(9.4)

13(12.4)

0.41

Chronic renal disease

19 (3.7)

14 (9.9)

0.003

18 (7.4)

12 (11.4)

0.21

Diabetes mellitus

62 (12.2)

20 (14.2)

0.53

41(16.8)

14 (13.3)

0.41

Obesity

104 (20.5)

34 (24.1)

0.35

50 (20.5)

14 (13.3)

0.11

Autoimmune disease

13 (2.6)

8 (5.7)

0.06

7 (2.9)

7 (6.7)

0.09

Hematologic disease

19 (3.7)

21 (14.9)

<0.001

14 (5.7)

23 (21.9)

<0.001

Neuromuscular disease

18 (3.6)

6 (4.3)

0.69

2 (0.8)

2 (1.9)

0.38

HIV infection

9 (1.8)

4 (2.8)

0.42

2 (0.8)

11 (10.5)

<0.001

Pregnancy

24 (4.7)

7 (5)

0.9

11 (4.5)

2 (1.9)

0.2

Vaccination

   

13 (5.3)

6 (5.7)

0.8

Clinical presentation

Viral pneumonia

355 (70)

96 (68.1)

0.6

164 (67.2)

73 (69.5)

0.6

COPD exacerbation

31 (6.1)

5 (3.5)

0.2

21 (8.6)

3 (2.9)

0.05

Community acquired respiratory

co-infection

74 (14.6)

33 (23.4)

0.01

38 (15.6)

31 (29.5)

0.003

Complications

      

Septic shock

190 (37.5)

104 (73.8)

<0.001

106 (43.4)

84 (80)

<0.001

MODS

282 (55.6)

123 (87.2)

<0.001

111 (45.5)

88 (83.8)

<0.001

Acute kidney injury

69 13.6)

61 (43.3)

<0.001

43 (17.6)

52 (49.5)

<0.001

Therapy administered

Empirical oseltamivir

497(99.6)

134 (97.1)

0.002

238 (97.9)

101 (96.2)

0.1

Continuous renal replacement therapy

15 (3.0)

38 (27.0)

<0.001

12 (4.9)

33 (31.4)

<0.001

Mechanical ventilation

327 (64.5)

138 (97.9)

<0.001

181 (74.2)

101 (96.2)

<0.001

Invasive mechanical ventilation

263(51.9)

135(95.7)

<0.001

135(55.3)

98(93.3)

<0.001

Non-invasive mechanical ventilation

125(24.7)

38(27.3)

0.5

86(35.7)

29(27.6)

0.1

  1. Abbreviations: CARC, community acquired respiratory co-infection; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ICU, intensive care unit; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome