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Table 2 Demographic data and risk factors for fungal infection in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU for more than 7 days

From: Isolation of Aspergillus spp. from the respiratory tract in critically ill patients: risk factors, clinical presentation and outcome

Variable

Isolation of Aspergillus spp.

Candida spp. infection

Noncolonized, uninfected patients

P

Patients (n)

36

105

720

 

Age (years; mean ± SD)

58.7 ± 16.6)

59.5 ± 16.3

56.4 ± 17.4

NS

Men (n [%])

27 (75)

76 (72.4)

491 (68.2)

NS

APACHE II score (mean ± SD)

21.6 ± 6.9

18.5 ± 6.5

18.9 ± 8.1

0.05

ICU stay (days; mean ± SD)

32.1 ± 21.4)

32.8 (22.6)

18.4 (14.1)

<0.001

Risk factors before ICU admission (n [%])

Diabetes mellitus

5 (13.9)

18 (17.1)

113 (15.7)

NS

COPD

16 (44.4)

16 (15.2)

179 (24.9)

0.002

Solid neoplasm

3 (8.3)

21 (20)

65 (9)

0.002

Hematological neoplasm

1 (2.8)

3 (2.9)

18 (2.5)

NS

Transplant recipient

3 (8.3)

0

3 (0.4)

<0.001

Immunosuppression

10 (27.8)

8 (7.6)

48 (6.7)

<0.001

Chronic renal failure

3 (8.3)

4 (3.8)

26 (3.6)

NS

HIV infection

1 (2.8)

2 (1.9)

9 (1.3)

NS

Chronic liver disease

2 (5.6)

3 (2.9)

29 (4)

NS

Severe heart failure

2 (5.6)

4 (3.8)

41 (5.7)

NS

Radiation therapy

0

4 (3.8)

7 (1)

NS

Chemotherapy

2 (5.6)

3 (2.9)

13 (1.8)

NS

Risk factors during ICU stay

Arterial catheter

31 (86.1)

74 (70.4)

498 (69.1)

NS

Venous catheter

36 (100)

104 (99.0)

711 (98.6)

NS

Urinary catheter

36 (100)

100 (95.2)

703 (97.5)

NS

Mechanical ventilation

35 (97.2)

99 (94.2)

640 (88.8)

0.019

Total parenteral nutrition

20 (55.5)

90 (85.7)

274 (38.0)

<0.001

Haemodialysis

11 (30.6)

34 (32.3)

56 (7.8)

<0.001

Neutropenia

5 (13.8)

5 (4.7)

20 (2.8)

0.001

Steroids

25 (69.4)

25 (23.8)

139 (19.3)

<0.001

Antibiotic treatment

36 (100)

105 (100)

674 (93.5)

<0.001

  1. APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; NS, not significant; SD, standard deviation.