RIFLE criteria for acute kidney injury are associated with hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a cohort analysis

Table 3 Impact of baseline characteristics on the occurrence of acute kidney injury (multivariate logistic regression analysis)

Characteristic	Covariates associated with occurrence of acute kidney injury		Covariates associated with occurrence of maximum RIFLE class failure
	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)	P	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)	P
Age (per year older)	1.02 (1.02–1.03)	< 0.001	1.01 (1.00–1.01)	0.001
Race (reference white)		0.130		0.001
Black	1.20 (0.96–1.50)	0.111	1.50 (1.21–1.86)	< 0.001
Other	0.73 (0.44–1.23)	0.237	0.78 (0.41–1.38)	0.397
Chronic kidney insufficiency	4.19 (2.48–7.10)	< 0.001	8.86 (6.01–13.05)	< 0.001
Medical admission (reference surgical)	0.79 (0.69–0.90)	< 0.001	0.76 (0.66–0.87)	< 0.001
Reason for admission according to organ system (reference cardiovascular disease)		< 0.001		< 0.001
Trauma	0.64 (0.53–0.79)	< 0.001	0.64 (0.52–0.80)	< 0.001
Neurological disease	0.93 (0.78–1.13)	0.481	1.02 (0.85–1.2)	0.830
Pulmonary disease and infection	1.08 (0.88–1.32)	0.461	1.16 (0.96–1.40)	0.120
Gastrointestinal disease	0.51 (0.35–0.73)	< 0.001	0.51 (0.32–0.66)	0.004
Malignancy	0.36 (0.27–0.49)	< 0.001	0.45 (0.31–0.66)	< 0.001
Other	0.57 (0.47–0.70)	< 0.001	0.60 (0.48–0.74)	< 0.001
SOFA_nonrenal (per point greater)	1.19 (1.16–1.21)	< 0.001	1.08 (1.06–1.10)	< 0.001
In hospital before ICU admission	1.18 (1.03–1.36)	0.015	1.19 (1.04–1.36)	0.012

SOFA_nonrenal, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score without points for kidney insufficiency; ICU, intensive care unit. The odds ratios were calculated with logistic regression analysis. The goodness of fit of the multivariable regression model was tested by the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic: P = 0.080 for the model with acute kidney injury as the endpoint, and P = 0.019 for the model with maximum Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage Kidney (RIFLE) class failure as the endpoint.

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