Clinical review: Long-term noninvasive ventilation

Table 3 Typical indications for nocturnal NIPPV according to disease process and severity

Disease	Symptoms and night/day CO₂ ↑	Symptoms and only night CO₂ ↑	No/limited symptoms but night/day CO₂ ↑	Usual daily duration of NIPPV
Scoliosis	Yes	Yes	Perhaps	<12 hours
Tuberculosis	Yes	Yes	Perhaps	<12 hours
Neuromuscular stable or slow	Yes	Perhaps	Perhaps	18–24 hours
Neuromuscular intermediate	Yes	Perhaps	Perhaps	18–24 hours
Neuromuscular rapid	Yes	Yes	Yes	24 hours
COPD	Perhaps	No	No	12 hours
Bronchiectasis/cystic fibrosis	Perhaps	No	No	18–24 hours
Obesity hypoventilation	Perhaps	Perhaps	No	<12 hours

↑, Increase; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NIPPV, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.

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