Table 1 Characteristics for both cohorts of patients who underwent oesophagectomy with reconstruction for cancer
From: Optimizing intensive care capacity using individual length-of-stay prediction models
| Â | Construction sample (n = 518) | Application sample (n = 65) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
   Age (years) | 63 (55–70) | 60 (56–68) | [8-12] |
   Male sex | 407 (79) | 48 (74) | [9-12] |
   BMI (kg/m2) | 25 (22–28) | 26 (23–29) | [8] |
   ASA 1, 2 | 89 (17) | 28 (43) | [5] |
   Hypertension | 192 (37) | 35 (54) | [6] |
   Previous stomach operation | 132 (25) | 19 (29) | [6] |
   Preoperative serum haemoglobin (mmol Fe/l) | 8.4 (7.6–9.2) | 8.7 (7.4–9.4) | [11,12] |
   Preoperative serum creatinin (μmol/l) | 78 (68–89) | 78 (68–90) | [11,12] |
   Preoperative FEV1 (l) | 2.9 (2.4–3.5) | 3.2 (2.4–3.7) |  |
   Preoperative chemotherapy | 170 (33) | 17 (26) | [8,10] |
   Preoperative radiotherapy | 55 (11) | 8 (12) | [8,10] |
Aetiology | Â | Â | Â |
   Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 63 (12) | 9 (14) | [6] |
   Barrett's esophagus | 43 (8) | 9 (14) | [6] |
   Other | 66 (13) | 13 (20) | [6] |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â |
   Cardiac | 134 (26) | 24 (37) | [6] |
   Respiratory | 91 (17) | 7 (11) | [6] |
   Vascular | 65 (13) | 6 (9) | [6] |
   Neurological | 33 (6) | 7 (11) | [6] |
   Diabetes mellitus | 51 (10) | 7 (11) | [6] |
   Other carcinoma | 53 (10) | 4 (6) | [6] |
   Other | 40 (8) | 2 (3) | [6] |
Tumour characteristic | Â | Â | Â |
   Adenocarcinoma | 340 (66) | 51 (79) |  |
   pTNM stage 0 | 27 (5) | 7(11) | [7] |
   I | 64 (12) | 5 (8) | [7] |
   IIa | 120 (23) | 13 (20) | [7] |
   IIb | 46 (9) | 5 (8) | [7] |
   III | 193 (37) | 21 (32) | [7] |
   IV | 68 (13) | 14 (22) | [7] |
   Radicality (R0) | 400 (77) | 54 (83) |  |
Session variables | Â | Â | Â |
   Expected duration of the procedure (min) | 240 (180–270) | 266 (262–314) |  |
   Duration of the procedure (min) | 301 (254–359) | 333 (290–368) | [11] |
   Total age of the two head surgeons (years) | 83 (72–88) | 84 (74 – 94) |  |
   Transthoracic approach | 114 (22) | 14 (22) | [8, 10–12] |
   Reconstruction using colon | 24 (5) | 3 (5) | [10–12] |
   Oesophagus and cardia resection | 506 (98) | 65 (100) | [6] |
   Splenectomy during surgical procedure | 15 (3) | 2 (3) |  |
   Absolute crystalloid administration (l) | 6.0 (4.5–7.0) | 4.0 (2.3–5.5) | [8] |
   Absolute colloid administration (l) | 1.5 (1.5–2.0) | 1.5 (1.5–2.0) | [8] |
   Erythrocyte concentrate transfusion | 276 (53) | 22 (33) | [8,12] |
   Fresh frozen plasma transfusion | 36 (7) | 6 (10) | [8,12] |
   Absolute blood loss (l) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) | [8,12] |
   Absolute urine production (l) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.4 (0.3–0.7) |  |
   Epidural analgesia during procedure | 467 (90) | 57 (88) |  |
   Vasopressor administration | 214 (41) | 63 (97) |  |
   Duration of vasopressor therapy (hours) | 0 (0–1.5) | 270 (206–337) |  |
   Minute volume (l) | 7.8 (7.2–8.8) | 7.8 (7.0–8.4) |  |
   Positive end-expiratory pressure (cmH2O) | 5 (4–7) | 6 (5–7) |  |
   Serum oxygen saturation (%) | 98 (96–100) | 100 (98–100) |  |
   End temperature (°C) | 35.8 (35.2–36.4) | 36.3 (36.0–36.9) |  |
   Lactate (mmol/l) | 1.7 (1.2–2.2) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) |  |
Postoperative variables | Â | Â | Â |
   Duration of mechanical ventilation | 0.63 (0.13–5.58) | 0.54 (0.12–4.12) |  |
Surgical complications | Â | Â | Â |
   Postoperative bleeding | 19 (4) | 1 (2) | [6] |
   Chylothorax | 20 (4) | 3 (5) | [6] |
   Leakage of anastomosis | 38 (7) | 9 (13) | [6] |
   Necrosis of anastomosis | 18 (4) | 2 (3) | [6] |
   Other | 42 (8) | 11 (17) | [6] |
Nonsurgical complications | Â | Â | Â |
   Pulmonary: pneumonia, atelectasis, or ARDS | 198 (38) | 24 (37) | [6] |
   Infection: urinary tract, sepsis | 31 (6) | 1 (2) | [6] |
   Thrombosis, embolism | 20 (4) | 3 (5) | [6] |
   Other | 135 (26) | 26 (40) | [6] |
Length of stay in the ICU (days) | 4.0 (2.0–7.9) | 4.2 (2.9–7.9) |  |