| Pre-implementation | Post-implementation |  |
---|---|---|---|
Variable | n = 79 | n = 206 | P value |
Age (mean years ± SD) | 58 ± 16 | 56 ± 18 | 0.58 |
Race n, (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   Caucasian | 40 (51) | 110 (54) | 0.68 |
   Black American | 38 (48) | 84 (41) | 0.27 |
Gender n, (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   Male | 47 (59) | 101 (49) | 0.12 |
   Female | 32 (41) | 105 (51) | 0.12 |
Co-morbidities n, (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   Diabetes mellitus | 23 (29) | 53 (26) | 0.56 |
   COPD | 12 (15) | 41 (20) | 0.37 |
   HIV | 8 (10) | 24 (12) | 0.74 |
   DD-End-stage renal disease | 25 (32) | 28 (14) | 0.0008 |
   Cancer | 9 (11) | 33 (16) | 0.33 |
   Organ transplant | 3 (4) | 4 (2) | 0.4 |
   Indwelling vascular line | 7 (9) | 27 (13) | 0.33 |
   Nursing home resident | 18 (23) | 39 (19) | 0.47 |
   Do not resuscitate | 5 (6) | 5 (2) | 0.14 |
ED vital signs (mean ± SD) |  |  |  |
   Lowest SBP (median, (IQR) mmHg) | 85 (73-91) | 72 (65-79) | < 0.0001 |
   Highest pulse (beats/min) | 118 ± 27 | 120 ± 25 | 0.5 |
   Highest RR (breaths/min) | 26 ± 9 | 30 ± 11 | 0.008 |
   Highest temperature (°F) | 101 ± 3 | 100 ± 3 | 0.04 |
   Lowest O2 saturation (%) | 94 ± 7 | 92 ± 7 | 0.35 |
   Lowest CVP (mmHg) | - | 7 ± 4 | - |
   Highest CVP (mmHg) | - | 13 ± 6 | - |
   Lowest ScVO2 (%) | - | 67 ± 13 | - |
   Highest ScVO2 (%) | - | 80 ± 11 | - |
ED SOFA score (mean ± SD) | 5 ± 3 | 7 ± 4 | 0.0004 |
Lactate level** (mM, mean ± SD) | 5 ± 3 | 4 ± 3 | 0.03 |
Suspected source of infection* n, (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   Pulmonary | 25 (32) | 89 (43) | 0.08 |
   Urinary tract | 21 (27) | 58 (28) | 0.8 |
   Intra-abdominal | 14 (1) | 41 (20) | 0.52 |
   Skin/soft tissue | 13 (20) | 27 (13) | 0.22 |
   Blood (bacteremia) | 2 (3) | 21 (10) | 0.03 |
   Unknown | 12 (15) | 16 (8) | 0.07 |