| Crystalloid |  | Colloid |  | Blood |  | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Given N = 1,468 | Not given N = 3,020 | P -value | Given N = 2,173 | Not given N = 2,315 | P -value | Given N = 1,249 | Not given N = 3,239 | P -value | |
Indication for fluid | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Impaired perfusion or low cardiac output, n = 1,743% (N) | 48.0 (739) | 34.3 (1,004) | < 0.001 | 41.6 (899) | 35.6 (844) | < 0.001 | 27.0 (330) | 42.7 (1,413) | < 0.001 | |
Anaemia/bleeding/coagulopathy, n = 822% (N) | 4.9 (68) | 23.1 (754) | Â | 5.5 (119) | 29.0 (703) | Â | 49.5 (717) | 3.9 (105) | Â | |
Other fluid losses, n = 131% (N) | 3.4 (49) | 2.8 (82) | Â | 2.9 (64) | 3.1 (67) | Â | 2.3 (23) | 3.2 (108) | Â | |
Unit protocol, n = 294% (N) | 5.9 (74) | 8.2 (220) | Â | 9.9 (201) | 4.9 (93) | Â | 3.8 (36) | 8.7 (258) | Â | |
Abnormal vital signs, n = 1,266% (N) | 33.5 (483) | 26.0 (783) | Â | 34.9 (751) | 21.9 (515) | Â | 8.5 (100) | 35.5 (1,166) | Â | |
Other, n = 191% (N) | 3.1 (44) | 5.3 (147) | Â | 5.8 (117) | 3.3 (74) | Â | 2.9 (32) | 5.2 (159) | Â | |
Fluid prescriber | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
ICU Specialist/consultant, n = 1,495% (N) | 35.0 (482) | 36.3 (1,013) | < 0.001 | 35.2 (690) | 36.6 (805) | 0.2 | 40.3 (486) | 34.3 (1,009) | < 0.001 | |
ICU Registrar, n = 1,368% (N) | 27.1 (353) | 31.7 (1,015) | Â | 30.9 (710) | 29.6 (658) | Â | 30.2 (395) | 30.3 (973) | Â | |
ICU Resident/junior staff, n = 1,063% (N) | 21.4 (431) | 20.5 (632) | Â | 21.4 (497) | 20.2 (566) | Â | 19.9 (235) | 21.1 (828) | Â | |
Other, n = 562% (N) | 14.6 (202) | 11.9 (360) | Â | 12.5 (276) | 13.0 (286) | Â | 10.8 (133) | 13.5 (429) | Â | |
Cardiac failure | SOFA < 3, n = 2,973% (N) | Â | Â | 0.1 | Â | Â | 0.08 | Â | Â | 0.2 |
 | SOFA 3+, n = 1,443% (N) | 25.6 (459) | 27.9 (984) |  | 27.6 (706) | 26.6 (737) |  | 28.0 (429) | 26.8 (1014) |  |
Respiratory failure | SOFA < 3, n = 2,793% (N) | Â | Â | 0.01 | Â | Â | 0.02 | Â | Â | 0.1 |
 | SOFA 3+, n = 1,471% (N) | 31.4 (420) | 34.6 (1,051) |  | 34.7 (774) | 32.4 (697) |  | 34.8 (436) | 33.2 (1035) |  |
Renal replacement therapy | No, n = 4,048% (N) | Â | Â | 0.02 | Â | Â | 0.3 | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 | Yes, n = 417% (N) | 8.7 (103) | 10.2 (314) |  | 9.5 (233) | 10.1 (184) |  | 10.9 (175) | 9.3 (242) |  |
Mechanical ventilation | No, n = 1,568% (N) | Â | Â | 0.04 | Â | Â | 0.1 | Â | Â | 0.02 |
 | Yes, n = 2,907% (N) | 60.5 (910) | 62.8 (1,997) |  | 62.9 (1,438) | 61.2 (1,469) |  | 63.5 (845) | 61.5 (2,062) |  |
Low filling pressure** | No, n = 1,448% (N) | Â | Â | 0.001 | Â | Â | 0.8 | Â | Â | 0.1 |
 | Yes, n = 1,277% (N) | 52.7 (430) | 45.7 (847) |  | 47.6 (652) | 47.7 (625) |  | 45.9 (331) | 48.3 (946) |  |
Metabolic acidosis** | No, n = 3,062% (N) | Â | Â | 0.02 | Â | Â | 0.7 | Â | Â | 0.9 |
 | Yes, n = 800% (N) | 18.8 (279) | 17.3 (521) |  | 17.4 (372) | 18.0 (428) |  | 17.5 (243) | 17.8 (557) |  |
Lactate (mmol/L)** | < 2, n = 1,851% (N) | Â | Â | 0.3 | Â | Â | 0.6 | Â | Â | 0.07 |
 | 2+, n = 1,222% (N) | 37.0 (441) | 36.5 (781) |  | 36.9 (554) | 36.5 (668) |  | 37.2 (391) | 36.5 (831) |  |
Heart rate (mean, b/min) | 95 | 94 | 0.07 | 94 | 94 | 0.8 | 93 | 94 | 0.9 | |
Mean arterial pressure (mean, mmHg) | 76 | 77 | 0.3 | 75 | 78 | < 0.001 | 79 | 76 | < 0.001 | |
Haemoglobin (mean, g/L) | 100 | 97 | < 0.001 | 100 | 96 | < 0.001 | 92 | 100 | < 0.001 | |
Creatinine (mean, umol/L) | 148 | 142 | 0.06 | 141 | 147 | 0.002 | 146 | 143 | 0.2 | |
Bilirubin** (mean, umol/L) | 38 | 39 | 0.96 | 39 | 38 | 0.7 | 45 | 40 | 0.1 | |
Albumin** (mean, g/L) | 27 | 27 | 0.9 | 27 | 27 | 0.3 | 27 | 27 | 0.9 | |
Urine output** (mean, ml/kg/hr) | 2.0 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.99 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 0.02 | |
Fluid output** (mean, ml/kg/hr) | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 0.008 |