| OR (95%CI) crystalloid given |  | OR (95%CI) colloid given |  | OR (95%CI) blood given |  |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Â | P -value | Â | P -value | Â | P -value |
Age (per one year increase) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00) | Â | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | Â | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | Â |
Study region | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Canada | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Australia | 0.69 (0.42 to 1.11) | Â | 1.33 (0.88 to 2.02) | Â | 1.79 (1.00 to 3.23) | Â |
China | 0.46 (0.30 to 0.69) | < 0.001 | 1.72 (1.20 to 2.47) | 0.003 | 3.33 (2.02 to 5.50) | < 0.001 |
Denmark | 0.50 (0.27 to 0.94) | Â | 1.43 (0.83 to 2.48) | Â | 4.09 (2.03 to 8.25) | < 0.001 |
France | 1.60 (0.96 to 2.66) | Â | 0.82 (0.51 to 1.32) | Â | 0.88 (0.43 to 1.78) | Â |
Germany | 1.62 (1.08 to 2.44) | Â | 0.79 (0.54 to 1.14) | Â | 1.07 (0.62 to 1.84) | Â |
Great Britain | 0.18 (0.10 to 0.32) | < 0.001 | 4.72 (2.99 to 7.44) | < 0.001 | 0.93 (0.51 to 1.73) | Â |
Hong Kong | 0.88 (0.44 to 1.74) | Â | 0.93 (0.51 to 1.72) | Â | 1.17 (0.47 to 2.93) | Â |
Italy | 2.06 (1.28 to 3.31) | 0.003 | 1.33 (0.86 to 2.06) | Â | 1.10 (0.59 to 2.03) | Â |
New Zealand | 3.43 (1.71 to 6.84) | < 0.001 | 0.39 (0.21 to 0.74) | 0.004 | 0.48 (0.19 to 1.24) | Â |
Sweden | 0.43 (0.23 to 0.80) | 0.008 | 1.67 (0.99 to 2.82) | Â | 4.99 (2.58 to 9.63) | < 0.001 |
Switzerland | 0.96 (0.48 to 1.92) | Â | 1.12 (0.60 to 2.10) | Â | 1.18 (0.49 to 2.82) | Â |
USA | 2.55 (1.36 to 4.79) | 0.004 | 0.16 (0.08 to 0.33) | < 0.001 | 3.81 (1.78 to 8.17) | 0.001 |
Other European | 1.01 (0.59 to 1.72) | Â | 1.26 (0.77 to 2.05) | Â | 2.27 (1.17 to 4.39) | Â |
Other countries | 2.52 (1.46 to 4.33) | 0.001 | 0.53 (0.32 to 0.89) | Â | 1.43 (0.70 to 2.93) | Â |
Admission source | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Operating room after elective surgery | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Hospital floor | 1.26 (0.91 to 1.75) | Â | 1.05 (0.80 to 1.38) | Â | 0.59 (0.41 to 0.84) | 0.003 |
Transfer from other ICU or hospital | 1.49 (1.03 to 2.15) | Â | 0.80 (0.58 to 1.11) | Â | 0.60 (0.39 to 0.91) | Â |
Operating room after emergency surgery | 1.57 (1.12 to 2.20) | 0.008 | 0.93 (0.69 to 1.24) | Â | 0.58 (0.39 to 0.86) | 0.006 |
Emergency room | 2.16 (1.56 to 2.99) | < 0.001 | 0.67 (0.50 to 0.90) | 0.008 | 0.50 (0.34 to 0.75) | 0.001 |
Hospital floor after previous ICU stay | 1.12 (0.75 to 1.67) | Â | 1.18 (0.83 to 1.67) | Â | 0.62 (0.39 to 0.99) | Â |
Trauma at hospital admission | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No trauma | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Trauma without brain injury | 0.93 (0.64 to 1.35) | Â | 1.02 (0.73 to 1.42) | Â | 1.26 (0.82 to 1.95) | Â |
Trauma with brain injury | 1.13 (0.69 to 1.84) | Â | 1.05 (0.68 to 1.64) | Â | 1.15 (0.63 to 2.08) | Â |
Sepsis in 24 hrs prior to survey date | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No sepsis | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Sepsis | 0.90 (0.71 to 1.15) | Â | 1.26 (1.02 to 1.55) | Â | 0.67 (0.51 to 0.89) | 0.005 |
Number of days in ICU at survey date | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
0 days | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
> 0 days | 0.70 (0.56 to 0.87) | 0.001 | 1.28 (1.05 to 1.56) | Â | 0.91 (0.70 to 1.19) | Â |
Indication for fluid | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Impaired perfusion or low cardiac output | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Anaemia/bleeding/coagulopathy | 0.15 (0.12 to 0.20) | < 0.001 | 0.13 (0.10 to 0.17) | < 0.001 | 26.7 (20.2 to 35.4) | < 0.001 |
Other fluid losses | 0.90 (0.60 to 1.37) | Â | 0.83 (0.55 to 1.23) | Â | 0.90 (0.54 to 1.49) | Â |
Unit protocol | 0.72 (0.52 to 1.01) | Â | 1.65 (1.21 to 2.25) | 0.002 | 0.44 (0.29 to 0.67) | < 0.001 |
Abnormal vital signs | 0.93 (0.78 to 1.11) | Â | 1.34 (1.12 to 1.60) | 0.001 | 0.34 (0.25 to 0.44) | < 0.001 |
Other | 0.39 (0.26 to 0.59) | < 0.001 | 1.70 (1.18 to 2.45) | 0.004 | 0.74 (0.47 to 1.18) | Â |
Fluid prescriber | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
ICU Specialist/consultant | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
ICU Registrar | 0.88 (0.71 to 1.09) | Â | 1.10 (0.90 to 1.34) | Â | 0.83 (0.64 to 1.08) | Â |
ICU Resident/junior staff | 1.19 (0.95 to 1.49) | Â | 1.04 (0.83 to 1.29) | Â | 0.72 (0.53 to 0.96) | Â |
Other | 1.36 (1.05 to 1.76) | Â | 1.12 (0.87 to 1.45) | Â | 0.60 (0.42 to 0.85) | 0.004 |
Cardiovascular dysfunction | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
SOFA < 3 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
SOFA 3 to 4 | 0.94 (0.77 to 1.14) | Â | 1.08 (0.89 to 1.29) | Â | 1.26 (0.99 to 1.61) | Â |
Respiratory failure | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
SOFA < 3 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
SOFA 3 to 4 | 0.87 (0.72 to 1.06) | Â | 1.10 (0.92 to 1.33) | Â | 1.02 (0.80 to 1.31) | Â |
Renal replacement therapy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Yes | 0.81 (0.59 to 1.11) | Â | 0.81 (0.60 to 1.08) | Â | 1.86 (1.29 to 2.68) | 0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Yes | 0.91 (0.75 to 1.12) | Â | 1.02 (0.85 to 1.23) | Â | 1.32 (1.02 to 1.71) | Â |
Low filling pressure | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Yes | 1.26 (1.02 to 1.55) | Â | 0.86 (0.70 to 1.05) | Â | 1.08 (0.83 to 1.40) | Â |
Heart rate (per 10 b/min increase) | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.09) | Â | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.02) | Â | 1.01 (0.96 to 1.06) | Â |
Mean arterial pressure | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.02) | Â | 1.16 (1.11 to 1.21) | < 0.001 | 0.85 (0.80 to 0.91) | < 0.001 |
(per 10 mmHg decrease) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Haemoglobin (per 10 g/L decrease) | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.01) | Â | 0.94 (0.91 to 0.98) | 0.004 | 1.24 (1.18 to 1.30) | < 0.001 |
% 100+ | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
% 80 to 99 | 0.91 (0.75 to 1.10) | Â | 0.92 (0.77 to 1.10) | Â | 1.80 (1.39 to 2.31) | < 0.001 |
% 70 to 79 | 0.72 (0.54 to 0.98) | Â | 0.89 (0.68 to 1.18) | Â | 3.24 (2.29 to 4.57) | < 0.001 |
% < 70 | 0.75 (0.52 to 1.09) | Â | 0.60 (0.43 to 0.84) | 0.004 | 5.74 (3.84 to 8.58) | < 0.001 |
Creatinine | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
(per 10 umol/L increase) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | Â | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00) | Â | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | Â |
< 170 umol/L | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
170+umol/L | 0.86 (0.66 to 1.11) | Â | 1.00 (0.79 to 1.26) | Â | 1.22 (0.91 to 1.63) | Â |
Chronic health points immunocompromised | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
No | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Yes | 0.64 (0.44 to 0.93) | Â | 1.32 (0.96 to 1.83) | Â | 0.96 (0.64 to 1.45) | Â |
APACHE II 24 hrs prior to fluid administration | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
per 1 point increase in score | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.03) | Â | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) | Â | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.02) | Â |
< 16 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
16+ | 1.13 (0.91 to 1.41) | Â | 0.88 (0.72 to 1.07) | Â | 1.30 (1.00 to 1.68) | Â |
Lactate** (mmol/L) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
< 2 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
2+ | 1.02 (0.82 to 1.26) | Â | 0.90 (0.74 to 1.11) | Â | 1.59 (1.21 to 2.08) | 0.001 |
Urine output** (ml/kg/hr) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
per ml/kg/hr | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | Â | 1.03 (0.99 to 1.06) | Â | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.02) | Â |
< 0.5 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
0.5+ | 0.89 (0.72 to 1.09) | Â | 1.10 (0.89 to 1.35) | Â | 1.03 (0.77 to 1.38) | Â |
Total fluid output** (ml/kg/hr) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
per ml/kg/hr | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.02) | Â | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | Â | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03) | Â |
< 1 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
1+ | 1.17 (0.95 to 1.43) | Â | 1.03 (0.85 to 1.24) | Â | 1.02 (0.79 to 1.33) | Â |