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Table 1 Characteristics and main findings of the studies describing secondary infections in patients with COVID-19

From: Secondary infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19

Study [ref]

Sample size

Setting

Incidence of secondary infections, %

Type and site of infection (%)

Microorganisms isolated (%)

Giacobbe et al. [27]

78

ICU

40

BSI (100)

Coag-neg staphylococci (24) E. faecalis (18) S. aureus (13)

He et al. [46]

918

Hospital

7

Pneumonia (32)

BSI (25) UTI (22)

Coag-staphylococci (28)

A. baumannii (21) P. aeruginosa (14)

Sharifipour et al. [26]

19

ICU

100a

VAP (100)

A. baumannii (90) S. aureus (10)

Fu et al. [47]

36

ICU

14

VAP (100)

S. mantophilia (40)

Li et al. [48]

1495

Hospital

7

Pneumonia (86)

BSI (34) UTI (8)

A. baumannii (36) K. pneumoniae (31) S. mantophilia (6)

Rouzé et al. [24]

568

ICU

51

VAP (71) VAT (29)

P. aeruginosa (22) Enterobacter spp. (18) S. aureus (12)

Buetti et al. [28]

321

ICU

15

BSI

Coag-staphylococci (36)

Enterobacterales (13) P. aeruginosa (13)

Dudoignon et al. [49]

54

ICU

37

VAP (75)

P. aeruginosa (33) Enterobacteriaceae (33)

S. aureus (20)

Ripa et al. [50]

731

Hospital

9

BSI (85) LRTI (32)

Coag-staphylococci 70% of BSI

A. baumannii 30% of LRTI

  1. BSI bloodstream infection, UTI urinary tract infection, VAP ventilator associated pneumonia, VAT ventilator associated tracheobronchitis, LRTI lower respiratory tract infection
  2. aOnly patients who developed secondary infections were included in this study