Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population—distribution at ICU admission

From: Antifungal prophylaxis for prevention of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients: an observational study

Variable

n (%miss)

Overall (n = 132)

Antifungal prophylaxis (n = 75)

No antifungal prophylaxis (n = 57)

p

pIPTW

Demographic variables

Age (years)

132 (0%)

65 [55–75]

67 [55–74]

63 [56–75]

0.879

0.375

Female Gender

132 (0%)

48 (36%)

24 (32%)

24 (42%)

0.232

0.632

BMI (kg/m2)

127 (4%)

28.6 [25.4–33.2]

27.8 [24.5–32.8]

29.6 [25.9–33.7]

0.139

0.285

Coexisting conditions

Number of coexisting conditions

132 (0%)

2 [1–4]

2 [1–3]

2 [1–4]

0.629

0.640

Hypertension

132 (0%)

93 (71%)

49 (65%)

44 (77%)

0.186

0.562

Diabetes

132 (0%)

31 (23%)

20 (27%)

11 (19%)

0.323

0.454

Atrial fibrillation

132 (0%)

22 (17%)

10 (13%)

12 (21%)

0.238

0.400

Coronary artery disease$

132 (0%)

21 (16%)

9 (12%)

12 (21%)

0.159

0.686

Congestive heart failure

132 (0%)

20 (15%)

9 (12%)

11 (19%)

0.247

0.763

Peripheral arterial disease

132 (0%)

17 (13%)

7 (9%)

10 (17%)

0.163

0.171

Thromboembolic disease

132 (0%)

19 (14%)

10 (13%)

9 (16%)

0.690

0.230

Chronic kidney disease

132 (0%)

35 (26%)

15 (20%)

20 (35%)

0.052

0.892

Dialysis

132 (0%)

11 (8%)

2 (3%)

9 (16%)

0.007

0.656

COPD

132 (0%)

16 (12%)

13 (17%)

3 (5%)

0.035

0.867

Asthma

132 (0%)

15 (11%)

9 (12%)

6 (11%)

0.792

0.702

Prior cancer in complete remission

132 (0%)

11 (8%)

6 (8%)

5 (8%)

0.874

0.917

Active malignancy

132 (0%)

9 (7%)

6 (8%)

3 (5%)

0.537

0.644

Dementia

132 (0%)

4 (3%)

2 (3%)

2 (4%)

0.780

0.844

Prior transplantation

132 (0%)

10 (8%)

7 (9%)

3 (5%)

0.381

0.821

Immunosuppression †

132 (0%)

17 (13%)

13 (17%)

4 (8%)

0.008

0.921

ICU risk stratification

SOFA (points)

132 (0%)

5 [4–8]

4 [4–7]

5 [4–10]

0.057

0.987

paO2/FiO2

128 (3%)

95 [75–146]

90 [75–130]

107 [75–152]

0.302

0.749

PEEP (mmHg)—maximum

111 (16%)

11 [9–12]

10 [9–12]

11 [10–12]

0.599

0.464

Acute respiratory failure grade (inspired by ARDS Berlin 2015 -classification)

132 (0%)

–

–

–

0.660

0.636

–severe

 

76 (58%)

46 (61%)

30 (54%)

–

 

–moderate

 

45 (34%)

24 (32%)

21 (37%)

–

 

–mild

 

10 (8%)

5 (7%)

6 (9%)

–

 

Ventilation

132 (0%)

–

–

–

0.146

0.776

–Intubated

 

59 (45%)

35 (47%)

24 (42%)

–

 

–vvECMO

 

13 (10%)

6 (8%)

7 (12%)

–

 

–NIV

 

49 (37%)

31 (41%)

18 (32%)

–

 

–HFNC

 

4 (3%)

2 (3%)

2 (3%)

–

 

–Mask oxygen supply

 

7 (5%)

1 (1%)

6 (11%)

–

 

Any invasive ventilation

 

72 (56%)

41 (55%)

31 (54%)

0.974

0.947

Antimycotic substances

Duration form diagnosis to initiation (days)

75 (0%)

–

4 [1–7]

–

–

 

Antimycotic drug used

75 (0%)

–

–

–

–

 

–Posaconazole

 

–

73 (98%)

–

–

 

–Isavuconazole

 

–

1(1%)

–

–

 

–Caspofungin

 

–

1(1%)

–

–

 

Laboratory values

Lactate (mmol/l)

127 (4%)

1.2 [0.9–1.9]

1.2 [0.9–1.9]

1.4 [0.9–1.9]

0.980

0.462

IL-6 (pg/ml)

114 (14%)

83 [28–258]

76 [28–185]

89 [29–258]

0.448

0.907

CRP (mg/l)

130 (2%)

112 [70–177]

113 [76–196]

112[58–151]

0.237

0.573

Ferritin (ng/ml)

113 (13%)

1334 [635–2196]

1459 [755–2164]

1128 [493–2306]

0.361

0.240

hs-TnT (pg/ml)

119 (10%)

24 [11–61]

22 [11–58]

27 [11–92]

0.488

0.889

D-Dimer (mg/l)

121 (8%)

1.8 [0.9–4.7]

1.5 [0.9–3.4]

2.4 [1.1–7.7]

0.134

0.343

Creatine (mg/dl)

132 (0%)

1.1 [0.81–1.42]

1.0 [0.8–1.4]

1.2 [0.8–1.7]

0.139

0.998

Bilirubin total (mg/dl)

132 (0%)

0.5 [0.4–0.7]

0.5 [0.4–0.7]

0.5 [0.4–0.7]

0.774

0.784

SARS-CoV-2-Antibody status at ICU admission

132 (0%)

–

–

–

0.612

0.617

–positive

 

35 (27%)

20 (27%)

15 (26%)

–

–

–negative

 

33 (25%)

21 (27%)

12 (21%)

–

–

–not available

 

64 (48%)

34 (46%)

30 (52%)

–

–

Blood counts

Leukocytes [G/l]

132 (0%)

9.4 [6.8–13.3]

9.4 [7.0–13.4]

9.2 [6.4–13.3]

0.646

0.606

Neutrophils [G/l]

132 (0%)

8.4 [6.0–11.6]

8.3 [6.0–11.6]

9.2 [6.0–11.9]

0.834

0.322

Lymphocytes [G/l]

131 (1%)

0.7 [0.5–0.9]

0.8 [0.5–1.0]

0.6 [0.5–0.9]

0.299

0.340

Thrombocytes [G/l]

132 (0%)

221 [158–309]

240 [161–335]

208 [152–293]

0.164

0.834

Specific Medication

Glucocorticoids §

132 (0%)

132 (100%)

75 (100%)

57 (100%)

1.000

1.000

Remdesivir

132 (0%)

53 (40%)

36 (48%)

17 (30%)

0.035

0.555

Tocilizumab

132 (0%)

1 (1%)

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

0.382

0.326

Convalescent Plasma

132 (0%)

50 (38%)

32 (43%)

18 (32%)

0.193

0.871

Outcomes

CAPA

132 (0%)

   

0.008

0.015

–probable CAPA

–

9 (7%)

1 (1%)

8 (14%)

  

–possible CAPA

–

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

  

Deceased at data cut off

132 (0%)

65 (49%)

39 (52%)

26 (46%)

0.467

–

Length of ICU stay

132 (0%)

13 [5–25]

13 [6–24]

12 [4–25]

0.700

–

  1. Data are reported as medians [25th‐75th percentile] or as absolute counts (%)
  2. p denotes p values before ITPW weighting, pIPTW denotes p values after IPTW adjustment
  3. p values are either from rank‐sum tests, χ2‐tests, or Fisher's exact tests, as appropriate
  4. The discrepancy between missing variable regarding pO2/FiO2 and ARDS classification inspired by the Berlin 2015 classification arises from missing exact pO2/FiO2 values; however, ARDS was classified
  5. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index; ICU intensive care unit; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SOFA sequential organ failure assessment; PEEP positive end expiratory pressure; vvECMO veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, NIV non-invasive ventilation, HFNC high flow nasal cannula; IL-6 interleukin 6; CRP C- reactive protein; hs-TnT high sensitive troponin T, SARS-CoV2 severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2; CAPA coronavirus disease-associated pulmonary aspergillosis
  6. $ documented coronary heart disease either by specific coronary imaging or coronary angiography
  7. † comprises immunosuppressive medication (low dose of glucocorticoids are excluded) as well as diseases with severe immunosuppression
  8. § Glucocorticoids included low-dose dexamethasone or equivalent doses of other glucocorticoids
Back to article page

Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535