| Discovery cohort | Validation cohort | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resolving N = 382 | Persistent N = 386 | P value | Resolving N = 683 | Persistent N = 1032 | P value | |
Demographics | ||||||
Age, years | 54 (45–63) | 53 (44–64) | 0.780 | 55 (41–66) | 53 (41–64) | 0.131 |
Female sex | 144 (38%) | 129 (33%) | 0.216 | 264 (39%) | 357 (35%) | 0.087 |
Race | Â | Â | 0.013 | Â | Â | 0.004 |
White | 271 (76%) | 291 (80%) | Â | 573 (84%) | 910 (88%) | Â |
Black/African American | 50 (14%) | 26 (7%) | Â | 99 (14%) | 98 (10%) | Â |
Other | 61 (16%) | 69 (18%) | Â | 11 (2%) | 24 (2%) | Â |
Baseline comorbidities | ||||||
Diabetes | 113 (30%) | 112 (29%) | 0.863 | 186 (27%) | 258 (25%) | 0.301 |
Cirrhosis | 44 (12%) | 44 (11%) | 0.959 | 61 (9%) | 74 (7%) | 0.185 |
Chronic respiratory disease | 60 (16%) | 88 (23%) | 0.013 | 134 (20%) | 122 (12%) | < 0.001 |
Heart Failure | 41 (11%) | 43 (11%) | 0.857 | 74 (11%) | 83 (8%) | 0.050 |
Alcohol Use Disorder | 115 (30%) | 135 (35%) | 0.150 | 139 (20%) | 240 (23%) | 0.156 |
ICU events on enrollment | ||||||
Type of ICU |  |  | 0.423 |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Medical | 260 (68%) | 273 (71%) |  | 305 (45%) | 409 (40%) |  |
 Surgical | 122 (32%) | 113 (29%) |  | 164 (24%) | 192 (19%) |  |
 Trauma | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |  | 210 (31%) | 429 (42%) |  |
Shock | 87 (23%) | 191 (49%) | < 0.001 | 261 (38%) | 532 (52%) | < 0.001 |
Sepsis | 298 (78%) | 330 (85%) | 0.007 | 261 (38%) | 475 (46%) | 0.001 |
Pneumonia | 81 (21%) | 143 (37%) | < 0.001 | 198 (29%) | 385 (37%) | < 0.001 |
Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 51 (13%) | 124 (32%) | < 0.001 | 145 (21%) | 393 (38%) | < 0.001 |
Illness severity on enrollment | ||||||
PaO2-to-FIO2 ratio | 190 (138–254) | 128 (85–207) | < 0.001 | 187 (136–236) | 147 (97–205) | < 0.001 |
SOFA | 4 (3–6) | 5 (4–7) | < 0.001 | 8 (7–10) | 10 (8–11) | < 0.001 |
APACHE-III | 53 (36–72) | 69 (49–90) | < 0.001 | n.a | n.a |  |
APACHE-II | n.a | n.a |  | 26 (21–31) | 29 (23–34) | < 0.001 |
Outcomes | ||||||
Ventilator free days | 25 (23–26) | 15 (0–21) | < 0.001 | 25 (23–26) | 17 (0–22) | < 0.001 |
Hospital length of stay, days | 10 (6–19) | 19 (12–32) | < 0.001 | 10 (7–18) | 16 (10–26) | < 0.001 |
Mortality | 31 (8%) | 77 (20%) | < 0.001 | 70 (10%) | 230 (22%) | < 0.001 |