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Table 2 Summary of the outcomes of different subgroups

From: Predictive power of extubation failure diagnosed by cough strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis

 

Measurement of cough peak flow

Measurement of semiquantitative cough strength score

Voluntary CPF

Involuntary CPF

CPF measured with an external flowmeter

CPF measured with a ventilator

SCSS (grade 0 to 4/5)

WCT

Other#

No. of study arms

17

6

18

5

8

4

10

Total cases

2282

529

2023

718

1342

406

3918

Total tests

2408

610

2300

718

1342

406

3918

Pooled sensitivity

0.73 (0.68–0.78)

0.82 (0.73–0.88)

0.77 (0.72–0.81)

0.72 (0.60–0.81)

0.36 (0.26–0.48)

0.70 (0.44–0.88)

0.59 (0.41–0.47)

Pooled specificity

0.72 (0.65–0.79)

0.82 (0.74–0.88)

0.74 (0.67–0.81)

0.77 (0.69–0.84)

0.87 (0.80–0.91)

0.74 (0.61–0.84)

0.83 (0.62–0.64)

Pooled positive LR

2.7 (2.1–3.4)

4.5 (2.9–7.0)

3.0 (2.3–4.0)

3.1 (2.1–4.6)

2.7 (2.1–3.6)

2.7 (1.5–4.8)

3.5 (1.5–8.2)

Pooled negative LR

0.37 (0.31–0.45)

0.22 (0.14–0.35)

0.31 (0.25–0.39)

0.37 (0.25–0.55)

0.73 (0.64–0.84)

0.40 (0.18–0.90)

0.49 (0.33–0.73)

Pooled DOR

7 (5–10)

21 (9–48)

10 (6–15)

9 (4–18)

4 (3–5)

7 (2–25)

7 (2–21)

Pooled AUC

0.76 (0.72–0.79)

0.89 (0.86–0.91)

0.80 (0.77–0.84)

0.77 (0.73–0.81)

0.70 (0.65–0.73)

0.78 (0.74–0.82)

0.75 (0.71–0.79)

  1. CPF = cough peak flow, SCSS = semiquantitative cough strength score, WCT = white card test, LR = likelihood ratio, DOR = diagnostic odds ratio, AUC = area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
  2. #Includes strong, moderate, and weak; strong, weak, and no cough; effective and ineffective; with or without spontaneous cough; excellent, moderate, and poor; strong and weak; strong and not strong; and effective, moderate, and ineffective