Cardiac filling volumes versus pressures for predicting fluid responsiveness after cardiovascular surgery: the role of systolic cardiac function

Table 2 Summated fluid loading responsiveness (≥10% increase in cardiac index) when global ejection fraction is <20% or ≥20%

	GEF <20% (n= 12)			GEF ≥ 20% (n= 20)
	Responder ( n = 17 steps in 10 patients)	Non-responder ( n = 19 steps in 11 patients)	P -value	Responder ( n = 17 steps in 14 patients)	Non-responder ( n = 43 steps in 20 patients)	P -value
CI, L/minute/m²
baseline	3.3 ± 0.9	3.6 ± 0.8	0.095	3.3 ± 0.5	3.8 ± 0.8	0.028
after	3.9 ± 0.8	3.6 ± 0.8		3.9 ± 0.7	3.8 ± 0.7
change	0.6 ± 0.1	0.0 ± 0.1	n.a.	0.6 ± 0.6	0.0 ± 0.3	n.a.
GEDVI, mL/m²
baseline	1,123 ± 422	1,111 ± 234	0.506	754 ± 176	877 ± 167	0.011
after	1,254 ± 518	1,102 ± 246		812 ± 163	869 ± 179
change	130 ± 175	-8 ± 73	<0.001	58 ± 63	-8 ± 62	0.003
CVP, mmHg
baseline	5 ± 3	8 ± 3	0.004	3 ± 2	5 ± 2	0.027
After	6 ± 2	9 ± 2		5 ± 2	6 ± 2
change	1 ± 1	1 ± 2	0.013	1 ± 1	1 ± 1	0.468
PAOP, mmHg
baseline	8 ± 3	11 ± 3	0.003	8 ± 2	9 ± 3	0.150
after	10 ± 2	13 ± 4		10 ± 3	11 ± 3
change	2 ± 1	1 ± 2	0.083	1 ± 1	1 ± 2	0.563
Fluid input per step, mL	541 ± 100	442 ± 135	0.019	541 ± 123	523 ± 113	0.377

Mean ± SD.
CI, cardiac index; CVP, central venous pressure; GEDVI, global end diastolic volume index; GEF, global ejection fraction; n.a., not applicable; NR, non-responding fluid loading step; PAOP, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure: n = 13, n = 10, n = 11 and n = 21, in R and NR at GEF <20% and ≥20%, respectively; R, responding fluid loading step (≥10% increase in CI). P- values adjusted for amount and type of fluid.

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