Variable | Survivors (number = 1990) | Non-survivors (number = 99) | P -value |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic and anthropometric characteristics | |||
Age — months | 17.0 (9.0-26.5) | 15.0 (9.0-25.0) | 0.296 |
Age <12 months— number (%) | 609 (30.7) | 35 (35.4) | 0.326 |
Male — number (%) | 1079 (54.8) | 55 (56.1) | 0.797 |
Mid-upper-arm circumference — mm | 140 (130–150) | 130 (120–141) | <0.0001 |
Weight-for-age z < −3SD — number (%) | 180 (9.3) | 14 (14.7) | 0.076 |
Quality of care measures | |||
Time to see medical doctor— hours | 2.7 (1.0-4.3) | 1.0 (0.2-2.8) | <0.0001 |
Examination findings at admission | |||
Axillary temperature—°C | 38.0 (37.0-38.8) | 37.4 (36.6-38.1) | <0.0001 |
Temperature >38°C— number (%) | 891 (45.4) | 26 (27.4) | 0.001 |
Temperature <36°C — number (%) | 70 (3.6) | 11 (11.6) | <0.0001 |
Heart rate— beats/minute | 162 (146–176) | 163 (145–182) | 0.839 |
Tachycardia— number (%) | 1271 (64.4) | 58 (63.0) | 0.788 |
Respiratory rate— breaths/minute | 42 (36–56) | 60 (44–68) | <0.0001 |
Tachypnea— number (%) | 490 (25.5) | 50 (54.3) | <0.0001 |
Deep breathing— number (%) | 434 (21.8) | 77 (77.8) | <0.0001 |
Subcostal retractions— number (%) | 353 (17.8) | 66 (66.7) | <0.0001 |
Prostration— number (%) | 440 (22.2) | 85 (85.9) | <0.0001 |
Systolic blood pressure— mmHg | 100 (100–110) | 95 (90–103) | <0.0001 |
Hypotensive— number (%) | 21 (1.1) | 10 (12.3) | <0.0001 |
Capillary refill time ≥3 seconds — number (%) | 86 (4.5) | 20 (20.4) | <0.0001 |
Convulsions— number (%) | 350 (17.6) | 33 (33.3) | <0.0001 |
Altered consciousness— number (%) | 282 (14.2) | 76 (76.8) | <0.0001 |
Coma (BCS < 3) — number (%) | 76 (3.9) | 53 (53.5) | <0.0001 |
Jaundice— number (%) | 188 (9.5) | 25 (25.3) | <0.0001 |
Laboratory test results at admission | |||
Oxygen saturation | 98.0 (96.0-99.0) | 95.0 (88.0-99.0) | <0.0001 |
Oxygen saturation <90% — number (%) | 62 (3.1) | 25 (27.5) | <0.0001 |
Positive for malaria parasitemia — number (%) | 1125 (63.0) | 27 (40.3) | <0.0001 |
RDT Results — number (%) | |||
RDT negative | 494 (25.6) | 34 (35.8) | 0.027 |
RDT pLDH positive | 22 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0.622 |
RDT HRP2 positive | 237 (12.3) | 19 (20.0) | 0.037 |
RDT pLDH/HRP2 positive | 1176 (61.0) | 42 (44.2) | 0.001 |
Glucose | 6.9 (5.9-8.3) | 5.4 (2.9-9.0) | <0.0001 |
Lactate | 2.6 (1.9-4.6) | 8.2 (2.9-16.9) | <0.0001 |
Hemoglobin | 4.8 (3.4-7.0) | 4.0 (2.4-6.7) | 0.012 |
Positive for HIV antibody— number /total number (%) | 39/931 (4.2) | 6/37 (14.0) | 0.003 |
Duration of follow up — days | 3 (2–4) | 1 (0–1) | <0.0001 |