Table 1 Definitions of terminology
From: How could we enhance translation of sepsis immunology to inform immunomodulation trials in sepsis?
Terminology | Definition |
|---|---|
Extreme phenotypes | Subpopulations defined by extremes of clinical features and outcomes |
Biomarker | Characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention |
Clinical outcome | Characteristic that reflects how a patient feels, functions, or survives |
Surrogate outcome | Substitute for clinical endpoints (or outcome) and expected to predict clinical benefit or harm based on epidemiologic, therapeutic, pathophysiologic, or other scientific evidence |
Precision medicine | Refers to an approach for disease treatment and prevention that considers individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle |
Heterogeneity | The differences in the risk of developing sepsis, risk of suffering sepsis-related outcomes, and in treatment response |
Treatable traits | Selecting a patient population with a well-defined treatment response characteristic |