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Table 1 Patient characteristics in the total population and with regard to infection-related 28-day mortality

From: Biomarkers and clinical scores to identify patient populations at risk of delayed antibiotic administration or intensive care admission

Patient characteristics

Total cohort (N = 684)

Survivors (N = 654)

Non-survivors (N = 30)

p value

Demographics

 Age (years)

65.1 (19.6)

64.4 (19.8)

78.9 (9.0)

< 0.001

 Male sex (N, %)

366 (53.5%)

352 (53.8%)

14 (46.7%)

0.442

Disposition

 Hospital admission (N, %)

498 (72.8%)

469 (71.7%)

29 (96.7%)

0.003

 Hospital length of stay (days)

3 [0 – 7.25]

3 [0 – 7]

12 [3 – 20.5]

< 0.001

 ICU admission (N, %)

23 (3.4%)

19 (2.9%)

4 (13.3%)

0.002

Comorbidities

 Cardiovascular disease (N, %)

255 (37.3%)

239 (36.5%)

16 (53.3%)

0.063

 Diabetes (N, %)

152 (22.2%)

140 (21.4%)

12 (40.0%)

0.017

 Immunodeficiency (N, %)

105 (15.4%)

97 (14.8%)

8 (26.7%)

0.079

 Liver disease (N, %)

54 (7.9%)

48 (7.3%)

6 (20.0%)

0.012

 Malignancy (N, %)

183 (26.8%)

169 (25.8%)

14 (46.7%)

0.012

 Neurological disorders (N, %)

132 (19.3%)

125 (19.1%)

7 (23.3%)

0.567

 Respiratory disease (N, %)

180 (26.3%)

173 (26.5%)

7 (23.3%)

0.704

 Renal disease (N, %)

128 (18.7%)

117 (17.9%)

11 (36.7%)

0.010

Infectious source

 Bone and joint (N, %)

4 (0.6%)

3 (0.5%)

1 (3.3%)

0.044

 Cardiac (N, %)

2 (0.3%)

1 (0.2%)

1 (3.3%)

0.002

 Intra-abdominal (N, %)

93 (13.6%)

86 (13.1%)

7 (23.3%)

0.112

 Respiratory — lower (N, %)

220 (32.2%)

206 (31.5%)

14 (46.7%)

0.082

 Respiratory — upper (N, %)

18 (2.6%)

18 (2.8%)

0 (0.0%)

0.357

 Skin and soft tissue (N, %)

36 (5.3%)

35 (5.4%)

1 (3.3%)

0.628

 Surgical related (N, %)

16 (2.3%)

16 (2.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0.386

 Unknown origin (N, %)

81 (11.8%)

80 (12.2%)

1 (3.3%)

0.140

 Urogenital (N, %)

214 (31.3%)

209 (32.0%)

5 (16.7%)

0.077

Blood cultures

 Blood cultures taken (N, %)

407 (59.5%)

390 (59.6%)

17 (56.7%)

0.746

 Positive blood cultures (N, %)

58 (14.3%)

55 (8.4%)

3 (10.0%)

0.756

 Gram-positive bacteria (N, %)

15 (2.2%)

14 (2.1%)

1 (3.3%)

0.326

 Gram-negative bacteria (N, %)

35 (5.1%)

33 (5.0%)

2 (6.7%)

0.762

 Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (N, %)

8 (1.2%)

7 (1.1%)

1 (3.3%)

0.737

Biomarkers and severity scores

 MR-proADM (nmol/L)

1.09 [0.70 – 1.71]

1.05 [0.68 – 1.64]

2.32 [1.89 – 2.96]

< 0.001

 PCT (ng/mL)

0.21 [0.10 – 0.98]

0.2 [0.10 – 0.90]

0.59 [0.21 – 3.78]

< 0.001

 Lactate (mmol/L)

1.5 [1.1 – 2.1]

1.5 [1.1 – 2.1]

2.1 [1.58 – 2.83]

< 0.01

 CRP (mg/L)

10.52 [3.17 – 26.3]

10.52 [3.12 – 25.63]

9.99 [6.36 – 18.35]

0.925

 SOFA (points)

1 [0 – 3]

1 [0 – 3]

4 [3 – 5]

< 0.001

 qSOFA (points)

0 [0 – 1]

0 [0 – 1]

1 [1 – 1]

< 0.05

 SIRS (points)

1 [1 – 2]

1 [1 – 2]

2 [1 – 2]

< 0.001

 NEWS (points)

2 [1 – 5]

2 [1 – 5]

6 [3.25 – 7.75]

< 0.001

 CRB-65 (points)

1 [0 – 2]

1 [0 – 1]

2 [1 – 2]

< 0.001

  1. Values expressed in percentages (%) indicate the proportion of patients within each cohort for each variable. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation, SD) or median [first quartile (Q1)–third quartile (Q3)] where specified. The chi-square (χ2) test was used to determine significance between the cohorts for categorical variables, Student’s t test for the variable of age, and Mann-Whitney U test for hospitalisation duration, biomarker, and clinical score variables. CRB-65 severity score for community-acquired pneumonia, CRP C-reactive protein, ICU intensive care unit, MR-proADM mid-regional proadrenomedullin, N number, NEWS National Early Warning Score, PCT procalcitonin, qSOFA quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535