Table 2 Secondary outcomes

Antibody levels

Davey Jr., et al., 2019 [17]

Group IFIPS, 2016 [21]

Significantly increases HAI titer levels among patients with influenza A and B

–

–

Viral loads

Hung et al., 2013 [18]

3.3 log 10 copies/mL(H1N1)

4.67 log 10 copies/mL

0.04

Davey Jr., et al., 2019 [17]

Mean log10 RNA − 1.95(Influenza A)

− 2.62

0.02

Davey Jr., et al., 2019 [17]

Mean log10 RNA − 2.09(influenza B)

− 1.54

0.005

Beigel et al., 2017 [22]

Median log 10 copies per mL 1.9 (1.9–1.9) day 7 (Nasal swab, Influenza A and B)

1.9 (1.9–1.9)

NS

Cytokines

Hung et al., 2013 [18]

TNF-a, IL-1ra, and IL-10 fell to a similar level as control 3 days after treatment

–

–

Mechanical ventilation, day

Beigel et al., 2017 [22]

0 (0–6) (influenza A and B)

3 (0–14)

0.14

Beigel et al., 2019 [16]

9 (4–16) (influenza A)

15.5 (7.0–29.0)

0.22

Length of ICU stay, day

Hung et al., 2013 [18]

11 (4–13.5) (H1N1)

10 (4.5–13.5)

NS

Beigel et al., 2017 [22]

2.5 (0.0–9.0) (influenza A and B)

3 (0–13)

0·37

Beigel et al., 2019 [16]

5.0(3.0–12.5) (influenza A)

8 (4–25)

0.32

Length of hospital stay, day

Hung et al., 2013 [18]

16 (11.5–13.5) (H1N1)

16 (7–29)

NS

Beigel et al., 2017 [22]

6 (4–16) (influenza A and B)

11 (5–25)

0·13

Beigel et al., 2019 [16]

5 (3–12) (influenza A)

6 (4–12)

0.30

Serious adverse events

Beigel et al., 2017 [22]

20% (influenza A and B)

38%

0·041

Beigel et al., 2019 [16]

35% (influenza A)

32%

NS