From: Association between delirium in the intensive care unit and subsequent neuropsychiatric disorders
 | Total (n = 4033) | Deliriuma | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Delirium (n = 1799) | No delirium (n = 2234) | ||
Patient characteristics on ICU admission | ||||
 Age, median (IQR) years | 60 (46–71) | 60 (46–70) | 60 (46–71) | 0.85 |
 Male sex, no. (%) | 2744 (68.0) | 1278 (71.0) | 1466 (65.6) | < 0.001 |
 Reason for ICU admission, no. (%)b | ||||
  Medical | 2172 (54.9) | 939 (52.8) | 1233 (56.7) | < 0.001 |
  Surgical | 1221 (30.9) | 449 (25.2) | 772 (35.5) | |
  Neurological | 205 (5.2) | 143 (8.0) | 62 (2.9) | |
  Trauma | 356 (9.0) | 249 (14.0) | 107 (4.9) | |
 Comorbidities, no. (%)c | ||||
  AIDS | 6 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.2) | 0.24 |
  Acute myocardial infarction | 270 (6.7) | 140 (7.8) | 130 (5.8) | 0.011 |
  Cancer | 587 (14.6) | 210 (11.7) | 377 (16.8) | < 0.001 |
  Cerebrovascular disease | 201 (5.0) | 143 (8.0) | 58 (2.6) | < 0.001 |
  Congestive heart failure | 435 (10.8) | 206 (11.5) | 229 (10.2) | 0.19 |
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 699 (17.3) | 321 (17.9) | 378 (16.9) | 0.38 |
  Diabetes | 518 (12.8) | 230 (12.8) | 288 (12.9) | 0.99 |
  Diabetes + complications | 694 (17.2) | 324 (18.1) | 370 (16.5) | 0.19 |
  Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 90 (2.2) | 53 (3.0) | 37 (1.7) | 0.005 |
  Metastatic cancer | 167 (4.1) | 57 (3.2) | 110 (4.9) | 0.006 |
  Mild liver disease | 196 (4.9) | 108 (6.0) | 88 (3.9) | 0.002 |
  Moderate/severe liver disease | 104 (2.6) | 62 (3.5) | 42 (1.9) | 0.002 |
  Peptic ulcer disease | 153 (3.8) | 72 (4.0) | 81 (3.6) | 0.51 |
  Peripheral vascular disease | 228 (5.7) | 106 (5.9) | 122 (5.4) | 0.52 |
  Renal disease | 207 (5.1) | 97 (5.4) | 110 (4.9) | 0.47 |
  Rheumatoid disease | 61 (1.5) | 29 (1.6) | 32 (1.4) | 0.62 |
 Charlson Comorbidity Score, median (IQR) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–3) | 0.17 |
 SOFA score on ICU admission, median (IQR) | 6 (3–9) | 7 (5–10) | 5 (3–7) | < 0.001 |
 APACHE II score on ICU admission, median (IQR) | 18 (13–23) | 20 (15–26) | 16 (11–21) | < 0.001 |
 Glasgow Coma Scale score on ICU admission, median (IQR) | 15 (13–15) | 14 (11–15) | 15 (15–15) | < 0.001 |
Interventions received in ICU | ||||
 Invasive mechanical ventilation | 2535 (62.9) | 1463 (81.3) | 1072 (48.0) | < 0.001 |
 Non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 569 (14.1) | 276 (15.3) | 293 (13.1) | 0.043 |
 Continuous renal replacement therapy | 181 (4.5) | 145 (8.1) | 36 (1.6) | < 0.001 |
 Vasoactive medications | 1770 (43.9) | 1035 (57.5) | 735 (32.9) | < 0.001 |
Hospital characteristics | ||||
 ≥ 20 ICU beds, no. (%) | 2161 (53.6) | 1084 (60.3) | 1077 (48.2) | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 600 hospital beds, no. (%) | 2404 (59.6) | 1186 (65.9) | 1218 (54.5) | < 0.001 |
 Teaching hospital, no. (%) | 3304 (81.9) | 1571 (87.3) | 1733 (77.6) | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 24 h in ICU after ready for ICU discharge | 1505 (37.3) | 695 (38.6) | 810 (36.3) | 0.12 |
Patient characteristics on ICU discharge | ||||
 Length of ICU stay, median (IQR) days | 4.1 (2.3–7.6) | 6.6 (3.8–12.4) | 2.9 (1.9–4.8) | < 0.001 |