Table 1 Definitions
Biomarker | Measurable indicator of biological processes, pathogenic states, or pharmacologic responses to therapeutic interventions |
Prognostic biomarker | Reflects an individual’s risk of developing an outcome or endpoint of interest |
Predictive biomarker | Reflects the likelihood that an individual can respond to an intervention of interest |
Surrogate biomarker | Biomarker that correlates with clinical endpoints reflecting patient well-being or survival |
Enrichment | The use of prognostic or predictive tools to choose or analyze a study sample that maximizes the likelihood of establishing a treatment effect |
Endotypes | Subsets of patients classified by common pathobiological mechanisms |