Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients

Characteristics

Age [years, median (IQR)]

48.50 [19]

64 [20]

66 [19]

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

n.s

Male [%, (n)]

46 (23)

50 (50)

64 (64)

n.s

0.035

0.046

Comorbidities, [% (n)]

Alcoholism

2 (1)

0 (0)

1 (1)

n.s

n.s

n.s

Smoking

4 (2)

5 (5)

6 (6)

n.s

n.s

n.s

Drug abuse

2 (1)

0 (0)

0 (0)

n.s

n.s

n.a

Cardiac disease

4 (2)

13 (13)

9 (9)

n.s

n.s

n.s

Chronic vascular disease

2 (1)

2 (2)

5 (5)

n.s

n.s

n.s

COPD

2 (1)

2 (2)

3 (3)

n.s

n.s

n.s

Asthma

8 (4)

6 (6)

2 (2)

n.s

n.s

n.s

Obesity

4 (2)

26 (26)

26 (26)

0.001

0.001

n.s

Hypertension

24 (12)

44 (44)

45 (45)

0.017

0.012

n.s

Dyslipidemia

16 (8)

41 (41)

34 (34)

0.002

0.021

n.s

Chronic renal disease

2 (1)

3 (3)

3 (3)

n.s

n.s

n.s

Chronic hepatic disease

2 (1)

0 (0)

3 (3)

n.s

n.s

n.s

Neurological disease

0 (0)

6 (6)

3 (3)

n.s

n.s

n.s

HIV

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (1)

n.a

n.s

n.s

Autoimmune disease

2 (1)

1 (1)

1 (1)

n.s

n.s

n.s

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease

0 (0)

2 (2)

1 (1)

n.s

n.s

n.s

Type 1 diabetes

0 (0)

0 (0)

3 (3)

n.a

n.s

n.s

Type 2 diabetes

0 (0)

23 (23)

22 (22)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

n.s

Cancer

6 (3)

2 (2)

1 (1)

n.s

n.s

n.s

Treatment during hospitalization, [% (n)]

Invasive mechanical ventilation

0 (0)

0 (0)

96 (96)

n.a

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Non-invasive mechanical ventilation

0 (0)

14 (14)

34 (34)

0.004

 < 0.001

0.002

Hydroxychloroquine

77.6 (38)

89 (89)

99 (99)

n.s

 < 0.001

0.003

Chloroquine

4.1 (2)

7 (7)

0 (0)

n.s

0.042

0.007

Corticoids

6.7 (3)

29 (29)

85 (85)

0.002

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Azithromycin

15.9 (7)

84 (84)

84 (84)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

n.s

Remdesivir

0 (0)

1 (1)

9 (9)

n.s

0.029

0.009

Tocilizumab

0 (0)

13 (13)

33 (33)

0.008

 < 0.001

0.001

Lopinavir/ritonavir

74 (37)

35 (35)

96 (96)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Beta Interferon

0 (0)

0 (0)

55 (55)

n.a

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Time course and outcome

Hospital stay [days, median, (IQR)]

–

9 (6)

24 (19)

n.a

n.a

 < 0.001

Viral RNAemia

[% (n)]

2 (1)

27 (27)

78 (78)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Viral RNA load in plasma (N1)

(copies / mL, median, (IQR))

0 (0)

0 (91)

829 (4444)

n.s

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Viral RNA load in plasma (N2)

(copies / mL, median, (IQR))

0 (0)

0 (93)

836 (4939)

n.s

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

SARS-CoV-2 IgG, [% (n)]

52 (26)

49 (49)

70 (70)

n.s

0.030

0.002

Hospital mortality, [% (n)]

0 (0)

0 (0)

49(49)

n.a

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Measurements at diagnosis

Temperature (ºC) [median (IQR)]

36.50 (1.0)

36.80 (1.4)

37.00 (1.4)

–

–

–

Systolic pressure (mmHg)

[median (IQR)]

120 (29)

126 (25)

120 (26)

n.s

n.s

0.001

Oxygen saturation (%) [median (IQR)]

96 (3)

94 (5)

92 (6)

0.002

 < 0.001

0.002

Pulmonary infiltrate [% (n)]

72 (36)

93 (93)

100 (100)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.007

Bilateral pulmonary infiltrate [% (n)]

26 (13)

67 (67)

93 (93)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Glucose (mg/dl) [median (IQR)]

99.5 (22)

112 (31)

160.50 (83)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Creatinine (mg/dl) [median (IQR)]

0.84 (0.18)

0.91 (0.33)

0.88 (0.57)

–

–

–

Na (mEq/L) [median (IQR)]

138 (4)

138 (5)

138.50 (7)

–

–

–

K (mEq/L) [median (IQR)]

3.90 (0.50)

4.10 (0.68)

3.95 (0.90)

–

–

–

Platelets (cell × 10 ³ / µl) [median (IQR)]

223 [97]

207 [113]

204 [126]

–

–

–

INR [median (IQR)]

1.04 (0.10)

1.11 (0.13)

1.22 (0.22)

0.004

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

D Dimer (pg/ml) [median (IQR)]

795,278

[828234]

1,597,362

[2024704]

6,182,104

[52690922]

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

LDH (UI/L) [median (IQR)]

214 (73)

278 (138)

496 (285)

0.002

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

GPT (UI/L) [median (IQR)]

27 (43)

29 (29)

44 (44.50)

n.s

0.021

0.001

Ferritin (pg/ml) [median (IQR)]

359,507

[458748]

523,805

[534757]

923,687

[1526492]

n.s

 < 0.001

0.002

CRP (mg/dl) [median (IQR)]

1.40 (3.50)

40.90 (89.18)

91 (182.10)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.031

Haematocrit (%) [median (IQR)]

43.15 (4.72)

42.50 (6.50)

38.15 (6.48)

n.s

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

WBC (cells/mm³) [median (IQR)]

6450 (2815)

7005 (4115)

9145 (6613)

n.s

 < 0.001

0.006

Lymphocytes (cells/mm³)

[median (IQR)]

1400 (805)

1000 (433)

540 (445)

0.006

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Neutrophils (cells/mm³)

[median (IQR)]

4260 (2625)

5250 (3918)

8300 (5880)

n.s

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Monocytes (cells/mm³)

[median (IQR)]

500 (300)

400 (300)

300 (280)

n.s

 < 0.001

 < 0.001