| Overall | Cluster dA | Cluster dB | Cluster dC | Cluster dD | P* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | n = 3694 | n = 323 | n = 629 | n = 1147 | n = 1595 |  |
Age*, median (IQR) | 72.0 (62.0, 81.0) | 72.0 (58.0, 80.0) | 72.0 (63.0, 81.0) | 73.0 (63.0, 81.0) | 72.0 (62.0, 80.0) | 0.25 |
Sex*, female | 1468 (39.7%) | 164 (50.8%) | 268 (42.6%) | 483 (42.1%) | 553 (34.7%) | < 0.001 |
Body weight kg, median (IQR) | 54.7 (46.6, 64.2) | 55.0 (47.5, 64.0) | 52.0 (45.0, 61.1) | 55.0 (46.8, 64.3) | 55.0 (47.0, 65.0) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidity* | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Liver | 149 (4.0%) | 28 (8.7%) | 73 (11.6%) | 30 (2.6%) | 18 (1.1%) | < 0.001 |
 Respiratory | 141 (3.8%) | 8 (2.5%) | 23 (3.7%) | 43 (3.7%) | 67 (4.2%) | 0.52 |
 Cardiovascular | 316 (8.6%) | 20 (6.2%) | 49 (7.8%) | 97 (8.5%) | 150 (9.4%) | 0.23 |
 Renal | 306 (8.3%) | 24 (7.4%) | 50 (7.9%) | 111 (9.7%) | 121 (7.6%) | 0.23 |
 Immunodeficiency | 709 (19.2%) | 62 (19.2%) | 119 (18.9%) | 233 (20.3%) | 295 (18.5%) | 0.69 |
Infection site |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Unknown | 218 (6.8%) | 32 (11.0%) | 49 (8.4%) | 64 (6.4%) | 73 (5.5%) |  |
 Catheter-related | 44 (1.4%) | 1 (0.3%) | 6 (1.0%) | 19 (1.9%) | 18 (1.4%) |  |
 Bone/soft tissue | 374 (11.7%) | 20 (6.9%) | 60 (10.3%) | 108 (10.9%) | 186 (14.0%) |  |
 Cardiovascular | 68 (2.1%) | 13 (4.5%) | 4 (0.7%) | 26 (2.6%) | 25 (1.9%) |  |
 Central nervous system | 63 (2.0%) | 14 (4.8%) | 1 (0.2%) | 26 (2.6%) | 22 (1.7%) |  |
 Urinary tract | 509 (15.9%) | 71 (24.5%) | 40 (6.8%) | 210 (21.1%) | 188 (14.2%) |  |
 Lung/thoracic | 827 (25.9%) | 38 (13.1%) | 117 (20.0%) | 243 (24.4%) | 429 (32.3%) |  |
 Abdomen | 1032 (32.3%) | 94 (32.4%) | 294 (50.3%) | 279 (28.1%) | 365 (27.5%) |  |
 Other | 60 (1.9%) | 7 (2.4%) | 13 (2.2%) | 19 (1.9%) | 21 (1.6%) |  |
APACHE II, median (IQR) | 22.0 (17.0, 28.0) | 26.0 (20.0, 33.0) | 26.0 (19.0, 32.0) | 23.0 (17.0, 29.0) | 20.0 (15.0, 26.0) | < 0.001 |
SIRS score, median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) | 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) | < 0.001 |
SOFA scores* | 9.0 (6.0, 12.0) | 13.0 (10.0, 16.0) | 11.0 (9.0, 14.0) | 10.0 (7.0, 12.0) | 7.0 (5.0, 10.0) | < 0.001 |
Lab data | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 White blood cell (103/μL), median (IQR) | 11.3 (4.8, 17.8) | 12.2 (4.6, 19.7) | 7.8 (2.2, 15.5) | 11.7 (6.0, 18.6) | 11.6 (6.0, 17.5) | < 0.001 |
 Platelet (103/μL), median (IQR) | 122.0 (65.0, 194.0) | 59.5 (32.0, 92.0) | 78.0 (46.5, 128.0) | 103.0 (54.0, 162.0) | 178.0 (121.0, 252.0) | < 0.001 |
 PT-INR, median (IQR) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.6) | 1.6 (1.4, 2.1) | 1.7 (1.5, 2.2) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | < 0.001 |
 Fibrinogen (mg/mL), median (IQR) | 421.0 (296.0, 528.9) | 231.0 (151.0, 311.0) | 245.3 (157.0, 350.0) | 452.0 (367.0, 563.0) | 476.9 (395.3, 576.0) | < 0.001 |
 FDP (μg/mL), median (IQR) | 17.6 (10.1, 36.2) | 120.2 (79.2, 266.0) | 16.0 (10.4, 24.0) | 34.3 (22.8, 55.1) | 10.0 (7.6, 13.8) | < 0.001 |
 D-dimer (μg/mL), median (IQR) | 7.8 (3.9, 17.2) | 51.9 (35.2, 113.0) | 7.7 (4.8, 11.7) | 15.4 (10.5, 25.0) | 3.8 (2.7, 5.6) | < 0.001 |
 Antithrombin (%), median (IQR) | 60.0 (50.8, 69.0) | 52.0 (42.4, 60.5) | 42.6 (33.0, 50.4) | 60.1 (54.0, 68.0) | 66.0 (59.0, 73.7) | < 0.001 |
 Lactate (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 2.9 (1.7, 5.7) | 5.3 (2.9, 10.1) | 4.3 (2.3, 8.0) | 2.7 (1.5, 5.4) | 2.3 (1.4, 4.1) | < 0.001 |
ISTH DIC score |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 0 | 685 (18.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (2.4%) | 25 (2.2%) | 645 (41.1%) |  |
 1 | 239 (6.5%) | 2 (0.6%) | 17 (2.7%) | 15 (1.3%) | 205 (13.0%) |  |
 2 | 701 (19.2%) | 3 (0.9%) | 104 (16.6%) | 116 (10.2%) | 478 (30.4%) |  |
 3 | 592 (16.2%) | 25 (7.8%) | 99 (15.8%) | 327 (28.8%) | 141 (9.0%) |  |
 4 | 530 (14.5%) | 42 (13.0%) | 143 (22.8%) | 261 (23.0%) | 84 (5.3%) |  |
 5 | 441 (12.1%) | 79 (24.5%) | 105 (16.7%) | 240 (21.1%) | 17 (1.1%) |  |
 6 | 250 (6.8%) | 78 (24.2%) | 83 (13.2%) | 88 (7.7%) | 1 (0.1%) |  |
 7 | 169 (4.6%) | 72 (22.4%) | 38 (6.1%) | 59 (5.2%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
 8 | 40 (1.1%) | 20 (6.2%) | 15 (2.4%) | 5 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
 ISTH DIC score ≥ 5 | 1430 (39.2%) | 291 (90.7%) | 384 (62.0%) | 653 (57.5%) | 102 (6.5%) |  |
Managements | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 rhTM | 969 (29.3%) | 128 (44.1%) | 184 (31.5%) | 334 (33.6%) | 210 (15.8%) | < 0.001 |
 Vasopressor use | 2789 (75.5%) | 289 (89.5%) | 558 (88.7%) | 882 (76.9%) | 1060 (66.5%) | < 0.001 |
 Renal replacement therapy | 971 (26.3%) | 135 (41.8%) | 220 (35.0%) | 339 (29.6%) | 277 (17.4%) | < 0.001 |
 Steroids | 894 (24.2%) | 112 (34.7%) | 214 (34.1%) | 285 (24.8%) | 283 (17.7%) | < 0.001 |
 Intravenous immunoglobulin | 1088 (29.5%) | 116 (35.9%) | 239 (38.0%) | 362 (31.6%) | 371 (23.3%) | < 0.001 |
 Antithrombin | 1092 (29.6%) | 161 (49.8%) | 296 (47.1%) | 367 (32.0%) | 268 (16.8%) | < 0.001 |
Outcomes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 28-day death | 753 (20.4%) | 117 (36.2%) | 198 (31.5%) | 200 (17.4%) | 238 (14.9%) | < 0.001 |
 In-hospital death | 1186 (32.1%) | 151 (46.8%) | 301 (47.9%) | 358 (31.0%) | 376 (23.6%) | < 0.001 |