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Table 1 Baseline characteristics, biological and radiological findings at the admission and clinical outcomes of the patients

From: A high blood endocan profile during COVID-19 distinguishes moderate from severe acute respiratory distress syndrome

 

All (n = 74)

Non-ARDS (n = 37)

ARDS (n = 37)

ARDS vs non-ARDS

Mild or moderate ARDS (n = 12)

Severe ARDS (n = 25)

Non-ARDS vs mild/moderate vs severe ARDS

Male sex, n (%)

59 (80%)

(n = 74)

30 (81%)

(n = 37)

29 (78%)

 > 0.9999

9 (75%)

20 (80%)

0.9008

Age, median [IQR] (years)

64 [55–71]

(n = 74)

65 [51–73]

(n = 37)

62 [56–70]

0.8486

63 [56–76]

62 [55–68]

0.6131

BMI (kg/m2)

26.9 [24.0–31.0]

(n = 53)

26.5 [23.7–30.6]

(n = 30)

27.3 [24.2–31.0]

(n = 23)

0.4355

24.2 [23.4–32.7]

(n = 7)

27.7 [25.4–30.6]

(n = 16)

0.5424

Comorbidities

       

Hypertension n (%)

36 (49%)

(n = 74)

19 (63%)

17 (46%)

0.8163

5 (42%)

12 (48%)

0.8408

Diabetes n (%)

31 (42%)

(n = 74)

14 (47%)

17 (46%)

0.6378

7 (58%)

10 (40%)

0.4450

Biological and radiological parameters at admission

CRP (mg/L)

N < 5 mg/L

155 [109–217]

(n = 70)

141 [88–187]

(n = 34)

176 [133–270]

(n = 36)

0.0122

178 [125–301]

(n = 12)

175 [133–267]

(n = 24)

0.0447

Creatinine (µmol/L)

N 49–90 (F); 64–104 (M) µmol/L

95 [70–131]

(n = 74)

100 [74–132]

(n = 37)

93 [67–141]

(n = 37)

0.4794

98 [65–127]

(n = 12)

93 [68–165]

(n = 25)

0.7714

AST (UI/L)

N 5–34 UI/L

63 [42–88]

(n = 70)

57 [40–84]

(n = 36)

72 [43–98]

(n = 34)

0.1550

65 [39–111]

(n = 10)

77 [45–90]

(n = 24)

0.3262

ALT (UI/L)

N < 55 UI/L

32 [21–52]

(n = 70)

28 [21–50]

(n = 36)

34 [23–53]

(n = 34)

0.4846

40 [12–53]

(n = 10)

34 [23–60]

(n = 24)

0.8455

Ferritin (µg/L)

N 5–204 (F); 22–275 (M) µg/L

1522 [770–2688]

(n = 51)

1183 [574–2291]

(n = 24)

1602 [1068–2704]

(n = 27)

0.1773

1252 [599–2531]

(n = 8)

2064 [1104–4130]

(n = 19)

0.1966

Platelets (109/L)

N 150–450 109/L

189 [143–244]

(n = 73)

186 [143–244]

(n = 37)

191 [142–252]

(n = 36)

0.8242

205 [152–268]

(n = 12)

182 [130–229]

(n = 24)

0.6761

PNN (109/L)

N 1.5–7.5 109/L

6.4 [4.3–8.8]

(n = 73)

6.1[4.1–7.6]

(n = 37)

7.0 [4.5–9.0]

(n = 36)

0.0750

8.1 [4.4–9.0]

(n = 12)

7.0 [4.5–9.5]

(n = 24)

0.1857

VWF antigen (%)

N 50–150%

429 [331–498]

(n = 64)

347 [299–509]

(n = 35)

449 [368–494]

(n = 29)

0.1648

476 [403–546]

(n = 10)

446 [331–484]

(n = 19)

0.2497

Fibrinogen (g/L)

N 1.5–3.5 g/L

6.10 [4.15–6.82]

(n = 52)

5.14 [4.03–6.46]

(n = 28)

6.32 [4.37–7.13]

(n = 24)

0.1056

6.40 [6.14–7.11]

(n = 8)

6.18 [4.24–7.13]

(n = 16)

0.2153

D-dimers (mg/L)

N < 0.500 mg/L

1.079 [0.538–3.607]

(n = 61)

0.771 [0.535–1.374]

(n = 31)

1.843 [0.579–7.134]

(n = 30)

0.0472

1.492 [0.569–3.228]

(n = 10)

1.843 [0.586–17.64]

(n = 20)

0.1207

Initial CT findings (score)*

4 [3–4]

(n = 39)

3 [2–4]

(n = 22)

4 [4–5]

(n = 17)

0.0016

4 [4–5]

(n = 9)

4 [4–5]

(n = 6)

0.0171

Clinical outcomes

Time from illness onset to hospital admission (days)

8 [6–12]

(n = 69)

9 [7–12]

(n = 34)

8 [5–12]

(n = 37)

0.7217

8 [4–10]

(n = 11)

8 [5–12]

(n = 24)

0.5818

Time from illness onset to occurrence of ARDS

–

–

10 [8–14]

(n = 32)

–

8 [5–14]

(n = 9)

11 [8–15]

(n = 23)

0.1711

Hospital stay (days)

16 [10–29]

(n = 73)

12 [7–17]

(n = 36)

25 [14–38]

(n = 35)

 < 0.0001

23 [14–30]

(n = 12)

27 [14–41]

(n = 25)

0.0004

Mortality n (%)

18 (24%)

(n = 74)

2 (5%)

(n = 37)

16 (43%)

(n = 37)

0.0001

3 (25%)

(n = 12)

13 (52%)

0.0002

  1. *Semiquantitative CT score was calculated based on the extent of lung parenchyma involvement (1: 0–10%; 2: 11–25%; 3: 26–50%; 4: 51–75%; 5:  > 75%)
  2. In univariate analysis, we determined the differences in median using unpaired t test (Mann–Whitney U test) for continuous variable and differences in proportions were determined using the Chi-square test or Fischer exact test, as appropriate. Concentrations of endocan were compared between groups (control, non-ARDS, mild/moderate ARDS and severe ARDS) using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s posttest. Bold font indicates statistical significance
  3. AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, PNN polynuclear neutrophils, VWF von Willebrand factor
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Critical Care

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