Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in discovery and validation cohorts
From: Serum uric acid, disease severity and outcomes in COVID-19
Demographics and comorbidities | Pooled data n = 517 | Discovery cohort n = 192 | Validation cohort n = 325 |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (IQR), years | 65 (54–76) | 65 (55–79) | 65 (54–74) |
Male gender—no. (%) | 311 (60) | 106 (55) | 205 (63) |
Ethnicity—no. (%) | |||
Caucasian | 451 (87) | 162 (84) | 289 (89) |
Sub-Saharan African | 56 (11) | 27 (14) | 29 (9) |
Other | 10 (2) | 3 (2) | 7 (2) |
Cardiovascular disease—no. (%) | 152 (29) | 44 (23) | 108 (33) |
Chronic kidney disease—no. (%) | 75 (15) | 39 (20) | 36 (11) |
Hypertension—no. (%) | 229 (44) | 97 (51) | 132 (41) |
Diabetes—no. (%) | 125 (24) | 46 (24) | 79 (24) |
Medications—no. (%) | |||
Allopurinol or febuxostat | 35 (7) | 11 (6) | 24 (7) |
Fenofibrate | 10 (2) | 3 (2) | 7 (2) |
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 20 (4) | 6 (3) | 14 (4) |
Angiotensin receptor blocker | 81 (16) | 30 (16) | 51 (16) |
ACE inhibitor | 84 (16) | 39 (20) | 45 (14) |
Lab tests at admission | |||
hsCRP, median (IQR), mg/l | 74 (39–132) | 74 (38–130) | 76 (40–132) |
Creatinine, median (IQR), mg/dl | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) |
eGFR, median (IQR), ml/min/1.73 m2 | 76 (54–92) | 72 (50–85) | 80 (58–94) |
Serum uric acid, median (IQR), mg/dl | 4.6 (3.6–6.1) | 4.8 (3.7–6.2) | 4.6 (3.6–6.1) |
LDH, median (IQR), IU/l | 330 (262–424) | 349 (270–449) | 325 (260–409) |
Lymphocytes, median (IQR), µl−1 | 890 (610–1200) | 830 (590–1150) | 900 (620–1220) |
Disease severity | |||
Classification—no. (%) | |||
Mild | 38 (7) | 14 (7) | 24 (7) |
Moderate | 113 (22) | 35 (18) | 78 (24) |
Severe | 274 (53) | 99 (52) | 175 (54) |
Critical | 92 (18) | 44 (23) | 48 (15) |
Peak hsCRP, median (IQR), mg/l | 122 (65–209) | 138 (72–262) | 113 (60–188) |
Nadir lymph. count, median (IQR), µl−1 | 700 (420–1010) | 650 (400–945) | 720 (460–1040) |
Peak LDH, median (IQR), IU/l | 411 (313–530) | 438 (325–580) | 403 (305–514) |
Outcome | |||
Follow-up, median (IQR), days | 148 (50–168) | 53 (37–60) | 165 (150–173) |
ICU admission—no. (%) | 108 (21) | 57 (30) | 51 (16) |
Death—no. (%) | 93 (18) | 44 (23) | 49 (15) |
Mechanical ventilation—no. (%) | 61 (12) | 32 (17) | 29 (9) |
Acute kidney injury—no. (%) | 58 (11) | 26 (14) | 32 (10) |
Kidney replacement therapy—no. (%) | 16 (3) | 6 (3) | 10 (3) |
Hospital LOS, median (IQR), days | 10 (5–16) | 12 (7–18) | 8 (5–14) |