Fig. 5

Summary estimates of intra-hospital mortality observed in intubated patients following noninvasive respiratory support failure and of that reported in patients who continued noninvasive respiratory support and did not experience intubation. a Summary estimate of intra-hospital mortality observed in intubated patients following noninvasive respiratory support failure. The vertical dotted line refers to the summary estimate of intra-hospital mortality observed in intubated patients who failed noninvasive respiratory support. Red squares indicate the individual study estimates of intra-hospital mortality observed in intubated patients following noninvasive respiratory support failure, whereas the black horizontal lines indicate the 95% confidence interval of single studies. The diamond refers to the summary estimate with 95% confidence interval. b Summary estimate of intra-hospital mortality of patients with noninvasive respiratory support who did not experience intubation. The vertical dotted line refers to the summary estimate of intra-hospital mortality of patients with noninvasive ventilation who did not experience intubation. Red squares indicate the individual study estimates of intra-hospital mortality of patients with noninvasive respiratory support who did not experience intubation, whereas the black horizontal lines indicate the 95% confidence interval of single studies. The diamond refers to the summary estimate with 95% confidence interval