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Table 2 Clinical outcomes and electrolyte profiles dichotomized by time-period

From: Association between the use of balanced fluids and outcomes in critically ill children: a before and after study

Outcomes

Pre-intervention

n = 1483

Post-intervention n = 1380

Acute kidney injury (day 3) n = 1008

n (%)

66 (13%)

64 (12.5%)

Unadjusted OR

Ref

0.93 95% CI: 0.64–1.34

Adjusted OR

Ref

0.96 95% CI: 0.65–1.42

Severe AKI (day 3) n = 1008

n (%)

34 (6.9%)

38 (7.4%)

Unadjusted OR

Ref

1.08 95% CI: 0.67–1.75

Adjusted OR

Ref

1.17 95% CI: 0.71–1.93

Mortality

n (%)

39 (2.6%)

40 (2.9%)

Unadjusted OR

Ref

1.11 95% CI: 0.71–1.73

Adjusted OR

Ref

1.34 95% CI: 0.78–2.31

Need for renal replacement therapy

n (%)

15 (1.1%)

24 (1.8%)

Unadjusted OR

Ref

1.65 95% CI: 0.86–3.16

Adjusted OR

Ref

1.9 95% CI: 0.94–3.82

Hospital length of stay (days)

Med (IQR)

4.9 (2.9–9.7)

5.5 (3–11.25)

Unadjusted OR

Ref

1.03 95% CI: 1.01–1.06

Adjusted OR

Ref

1.00 95% CI: 0.98–1.02

Ventilator-free days

Med (IQR)

28 (26–28)

28 (25–28)

Unadjusted OR

Ref

0.99 95% CI: 0.97–1.00

Adjusted OR

Ref

1.00 95% CI: 0.98–1.01

 > 10% Fluid overload on day 3 n = 1008

n (%)

256 (22%)

355 (30.1%)

Unadjusted OR

Ref

1.54 95% CI: 1.28–1.86

Adjusted OR

Ref

1.56 95% CI: 1.28–1.90

Hyperchloremia

n (%)

119 (15.5%)

81 (10.4%)

Unadjusted RR

Ref

0.66 95% CI: 0.51–0.87

Adjusted RR

Ref

0.68 95% CI: 0.53–0.89

Hypochloremia

n (%)

73 (9.5%)

112 (14.4%)

Unadjusted RR

Ref

1.51 95% CI: 1.14–1.99

Adjusted RR

Ref

1.49 95% CI: 1.14–1.96

Hyperkalemia

n (%)

25 (3.2%)

11 (1.4%)

Unadjusted RR

Ref

0.43 95% CI: 0.21–0.87

Adjusted RR

Ref

0.42 95% CI: 0.21–0.85

Hypokalemia

n (%)

296 (38.2%)

373 (47.2%)

Unadjusted RR

Ref

1.23 95% CI: 1.10–1.38

Adjusted RR

Ref

.23 95% CI: 1.10–1.37

  1. Acute kidney injury on day 3 based on KDIGO creatinine definitions. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the intervention periods and day 3 acute kidney injury, mortality and need for renal replacement therapy adjusting for age, PRISM III score, need for mechanical ventilation, and immunocompromised state. Poisson regression analyses were used to evaluate the intervention periods and hospital length of stay and ventilator-free days adjusting for the same confounding variables. Modified Poisson regression analyses were used to evaluate the relative risk for the development of the electrolyte abnormalities.