Table 1 Characteristics of patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii research according to C-ARDS and NC-ARDS patients
NC-ARDS (n = 39) | C-ARDS (n = 81) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, median [IQR] | 61.8 [56.1–69.3] | 58 [52–69.5] | 0.32 |
Male gender | 28 (72%) | 65 (80%) | 0.30 |
Medical history | |||
Mc Cabe | < 0.0001 | ||
No underlying condition | 13 (33%) | 70 (86%) | |
Ultimately fatal | 16 (41%) | 10 (12%) | |
Rapidly fatal disease | 10 (26%) | 1 (1%) | |
Charlson comorbidity index | 3 [2–4] | 1 [0–2] | < 0.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 11 (28%) | 38 (47%) | 0.051 |
Congestive heart failure (NYHA 3–4) | 3 (8%) | 6 (7%) | > 0.99 |
Supraventricular arrhythmia | 5 (13%) | 8 (10%) | 0.76 |
Hypertension | 16 (41%) | 52 (64%) | 0.016 |
COPD | 2 (5%) | 8 (10%) | 0.50 |
Chronic renal failure | 8 (21%) | 13 (16%) | 0.55 |
Dialysis | 3 (8%) | 2 (3%) | 0.33 |
Stroke | 1 (3%) | 3 (4%) | > 0.99 |
Liver cirrhosis (Child C) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.33 |
Current smoking | 8 (21%) | 21 (26%) | 0.52 |
Immunosuppression conditions | |||
Overall | 32 (82%) | 13 (16%) | < 0.0001 |
Solid cancer | 2 (5%) | 4 (5%) | > 0.99 |
Blood cancer | 15 (38%) | 0 (0%) | < 0.0001 |
Organ transplant | 9 (23%) | 5 (6%) | 0.013 |
HIV infection | 3 (8%) | 3 (4%) | 0.39 |
Sickle cell disease | 1 (3%) | 3 (4%) | > 0.99 |
Others | 4 (10%) | 1 (1%) | 0.038 |
Clinical characteristics upon ICU admission | |||
IGS2 | 51 [37–68] | 35 [27–43] | < 0.0001 |
Baseline SOFA, median [IQR] | 9 [6–12] | 7 [4–8] | < 0.0001 |
ARDS classification (Berlin definition) | 0.046 | ||
Mild | 12 (31%) | 10 (12%) | |
Moderate | 18 (46%) | 44 (54%) | |
Severe | 9 (23%) | 27 (33%) | |
Norepinephrine, n (%) | 20 (51.3%) | 35 (43.2%) | 0.41 |
Serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 147 [83–226] | 82 [66–124] | 0.001 |
White blood cell count (× 109/L) | 5.4 [3–14.8] | 8.1 [5.5–11.9] | 0.44 |
Lymphocyte count (× 109/L) | 0.4 [0.2–0.9] | 0.8 [0.5–1.2] | 0.01 |
Documented bacterial co-infections | 18 (46%) | 13 (16%) | < 0.0001 |
Treatments during the first 24 h | |||
Antibiotics | 39 (100%) | 81 (100%) | > 0.99 |
Antiviral treatment | 26 (67%) | 65 (80%) | 0.10 |
Corticosteroids (any dose) | 21/38 (55%) | 10/79 (13%)* | < 0.0001 |
Corticosteroids (low dose) | 20/38 (53%) | 8/79 (10%)* | < 0.0001 |
Corticosteroids (high dose) # | 1/38 (3%) | 2/79 (3%)* | > 0.99 |
ARDS treatment during ICU stay | |||
Corticosteroids (any dose) | 24 (63%) | 32 (41%)* | 0.02 |
Corticosteroids (low dose) | 22 (58%) | 22 (28%)* | 0.002 |
Corticosteroids (high dose) # | 2 (5%) | 10 (13%)* | 0.22 |
Prone position | 20 (51%) | 71 (88%) | < 0.0001 |
Neuromuscular blockade | 25 (64%) | 74 (91%) | < 0.0001 |
Inhaled nitric oxide | 6 (15%) | 28 (35%) | 0.03 |
Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation | 5 (13%) | 20 (25%) | 0.13 |
Organ support and outcome during ICU stay | |||
Renal replacement therapy during ICU stay | 19 (49%) | 29 (36%) | 0.18 |
Norepinephrine, n (%) | 32 (82%) | 61 (75%) | 0.41 |
ICU length of stay among survivors, days | 17 [10–28] | 30 [22–46] | 0.09 |
Death at day 28 | 15 (39%) | 30 (37%) | 0.88 |
Death in the ICU | 17 (44%) | 32 (40%) | 0.67 |
Pneumocystis jirovecii samples and analysis | |||
Total samples, mean (range) | 1.5 (1–4) | 3.8 (1–15) | < 0.001 |
Sputum examination, mean (range) | 0.08 (0–1) | 0 | 0.01 |
Broncho-alveolar lavage, mean (range) | 1.5 (0–4) | 0.19 (0–2) | < 0.001 |
Blind protected sample, mean (range) | 0 | 3.6 (1–15) | < 0.001 |
Direct examination (IF or MGG) | 1.5 (0–4) | 0.19 (0–2) | < 0.001 |
qPCR | 1.5 (1–4) | 3.8 (1–15) | < 0.001 |
Serum (1–3)-BDG | 0.5 (0–4) | 4 (1–10) | < 0.001 |