Table 3 Factors at ECMO onset associated with 90-day mortality of severe COVID-19–ARDS patients on ECMO

Date of ICU admission

 Before July 1

–

–

 After July 1

1.47 (0.92–2.37)

2.27 (1.02–5.07)

Age, years

 ˂45

–

–

 45–55

2.81 (1.26–6.29)

1.86 (0.74–4.65)

 ˃55

5.13 (2.39–11.00)

3.55 (1.48–8.50)

Days from ICU admission to ECMO

  < 4 days

–

–

 4–7 days

1.37 (0.69–2.74)

2.51 (1.04–6.10)

 8–10 days

1.50 (0.68–3.29)

2.83 (1.04–7.70)

  > 10 days

2.82 (1.43–5.57)

3.02 (1.15–7.92)

Driving pressure pre-ECMO, cmH₂O

  < 17

–

–

 17–20

0.95 (0.45–1.99)

0.84 (0.37–1.94)

 20–22

1.18 (0.57–2.42)

1.04 (0.47–2.29)

 ˃22

1.98 (1.03–3.81)

1.85 (0.86–3.98)

PaO₂/FiO₂ pre-ECMO

  < 53

–

–

 53–61

0.80 (0.42–1.53)

1.08 (0.49–2.39)

 61–69

0.82 (0.42–1.61)

0.77 (0.33–1.81)

 ˃69

1.19 (0.62–2.27)

1.12 (0.48–2.62)

PaCO₂ pre-ECMO, mmHg

  < 0

–

–

 50–57

0.72 (0.31–1.67)

0.79 (0.30–2.13)

 57–66

1.64 (0.82–3.30)

2.10 (0.91–4.86)

 ˃66

2.35 (1.20–4.59)

2.11 (0.98–4.53)

Dexamethasone started pre-ECMO

1.07 (0.67–1.71)

0.37 (0.17–0.79)

SOFA score CV component ≥ 3

1.82 (1.13–2.94)

2.44 (1.31–4.55)

SOFA score renal component ≥ 3

1.58 (0.87–2.89)

1.50 (0.72–3.13)