Table 4 Characteristics of patients with putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, according to Blot definition

Time from hospital admission to IPA diagnosis

12 (7 to 14)

9 (6 to 11)

Time from ICU admission to IPA diagnosis

11 (5 to 13)

6 (2 to 10)

Time from intubation to IPA diagnosis

11 (4 to 12)

6 (2 to 9)

Clinical presentation at the time of IPA diagnosis

Hemoptysis

2/14 (14.3)

4/29 (13.8)

Respiratory worsening

14/14 (100.0)

24/29 (82.8)

New or increased fever

12/14 (85.7)

15/29 (51.7)

Imaging at the time of IPA diagnosis

Abnormal medical imaging (chest X-ray or CT scan)

14/14 (100.0)

29/29 (100.0)

Predominant lesion on chest CT:

Dense, well-circumscribed lesion with or without a halo sign

0/5 (0.0)

3/23 (13.0)

Air-crescent sign

0/5 (0.0)

0/23 (0.0)

Cavity

0/5 (0.0)

2/23 (8.7)

Segmental or lobar consolidation

3/5 (60.0)

9/23 (39.1)

Other

2/5 (40.0)

9/23 (39.1)

Serum samples during ICU stay

Galactomannan index > 0.5

6/12 (50.0)

20/26 (76.9)

Galactomannan index at the time of IPA diagnosis^†

0.2 (0.0 to 0.6)

0.2 (0.1 to 1.4)

Highest Galactomannan index^‡

0.2 (0.1 to 0.8)

0.5 (0.1 to 1.4)

1,3-β-D-glucan level at time of IPA diagnosis (pg/mL)^§

63 (30 to 450)

111 (47 to 384)

Highest level of 1,3-β-D-glucan (pg/mL)^ll

170 (39 to 760)

178 (56 to501)

Respiratory samples leading to IPA diagnosis

Type of respiratory samples:

Broncho-alveolar lavage

9/14 (64.3)

25/29 (86.2)

Endotracheal aspirate

7/14 (50.0)

5/29 (17.2)

Protected specimen brush

0/14 (0.0)

5/29 (17.2)

Galactomannan index ≥ 1

4/5 (80.0)

12/17 (70.6)

Galactomannan index^¥

3.9 (2.5 to 5.6)

2.1 (0.9 to 5.8)

Positive Aspergillus PCR

9/12 (75.0)

11/15 (73.3)

Mycological culture

14/14 (100.0)

29/29 (100.0)

Identified species

Aspergillus fumigatus

10/14 (71.4)

24/27 (88.9)

Aspergillus niger

0/14 (0.0)

1/27 (3.7)

Aspergillus flavus

0/14 (0.0)

1/27 (3.7)

Aspergillus terreus

1/14 (7.1)

1/27 (3.7)

Other species

3/14 (21.4)

0/27 (0.0)

Antifungal treatment against aspergillosis

Initiation of antifungal treatment

11/14 (78.6)

27/29 (93.1)

Time from IPA diagnosis to first treatment^¤

1 (-1 to 2)

0 (0 to 2)

First antifungal treatment

Voriconazole

7/11 (63.6)

22/27 (81.5)

Isavuconazole

1/11 (9.1)

0/27 (0.0)

Caspofungin

2/11 (18.2)

2/27 (7.4)

Anidulafungin

0/11 (0.0)

1/27 (3.7)

Liposomal Amphotericin B

1/11 (9.1)

2/27 (7.4)

Number of treatment lines used

1

7/14 (50.0)

17/29 (58.6)

2

3/14 (21.4)

7/29 (24.1)

3

1/14 (7.1)

3/29 (10.3)