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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with COVID-19 under prone position or usual care

From: Prone position versus usual care in hypoxemic COVID-19 patients in medical wards: a randomised controlled trial

Characteristics

Prone position N = 135

Usual care N = 132

SMD

Age, mean (SD), y

58.4 (12.1)

59.2 (11.0)

0.065

Men

96 (71)

93 (71)

0.014

Body mass index, mean (SD), kg/m2

28.6 (4.2)

28.6 (4.7)

0.014

Medical history

Hypertension

26 (19.3)

35 (26.5)

0.173

Coronary heart disease

9 (6.7)

5 (3.8)

0.130

Type 1 diabetes

1 (0.7)

1 (0.8)

0.002

Type 2 diabetes

11 (8.1)

18 (13.6)

0.177

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

6 (4.4)

1 (0.8)

0.233

Asthma

11 (8.1)

9 (6.8)

0.1051

Cerebral vascular disease

2 (1.5)

1 (0.8)

0. 069

Dialysis

0 (0)

0 (0)

 < 0.0001

Liver cirrhosis

1 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

0.122

Immunosuppressiona

8 (5.9)

4 (3.0)

0.140

Treatment at inclusion for COVID-19

Corticosteroids

134 (99.3)

130 (98.5)

0.073

Preferential sleeping position as declared by patients

   

Prone position

13 (9.6)

14 (10.6)

0.032

Other

107 (79.3)

105 (79.5)

0.007

Don’t know

8 (5.9)

4 (3.0)

0.140

Missing data

7 (5.2)

9 (6.8)

0.069

SpO2 at inclusion, median (IQR), %b

96 (94–98)

96 (94–98)

0.019

Oxygen therapy at inclusion

Standard oxygen therapy, No. (%)c

129 (96)

126 (95)

 

Nasal high-flow oxygen therapy, No. (%)d

6 (4)

6 (5)

 

Flow of oxygen if standard oxygen therapy, median (IQR), L/min

3 (2–5)

4 (2–6)

 

PaO2, median (IQR), mmHge

71 (64–83)

71 (62–83)

 

PaCO2, median (IQR), mmHge

34 (32–37)

34 (32–37)

 

PaO2–FiO2 ratio, median (IQR), mmHgf

178 (151–226)

173 (131–226)

 

Stratificationc

Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 and SpO2 ≥ 95%

29 (21.5)

28 (21.2)

_

PaO2–FiO2 ratio, median (IQR), mmHg

200 (177–244)

188 (159–218)

 

Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 and SpO2 < 95%

13 (9.6)

13 (9.8)

_

PaO2–FiO2 ratio, median (IQR), mmHg

162 (114–190)

139 (99–157)

 

Body mass index < 30 kg/m2 and SpO2 ≥ 95%

63 (46.7)

61 (46.2)

_

PaO2–FiO2 ratio, median (IQR), mmHg

185 (162–235)

194 (149–250)

 

Body mass index < 30 kg/m2 and SpO2 < 95%

30 (22.2)

30 (22.7)

_

PaO2–FiO2 ratio, median (IQR), mmHg

152 (114–185)

133 (113–215)

 
  1. SMD standardised difference of means or proportions, SpO2 oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry, PaO2 partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, PaCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range
  2. aPatients were considered immunosuppressed if they used long-term (> 3 months) corticosteroids or other immunosuppressant drugs or had solid organ transplantation, a solid tumour requiring chemotherapy in the last 5 years, haematologic malignancy or primary immune deficiency
  3. bSpO2 was measured after inclusion during a standardised test, see Methods
  4. cSupplemental oxygen was given via standard nasal prongs or face mask at a flow rate up to 15 L/min
  5. dNasal high-flow oxygen therapy was administered via large bore nasal cannula with a range of flow from 40 to 70 L/min in the prone position plus usual care group and from 30 to 60 L/min in the usual care alone group. The FiO2 range was from 0.4 to 1.0 in the prone position plus usual care group and from 0.8 to 1.0 in the usual care alone group
  6. eBlood gases were those sampled within 24 h before inclusion; data were missing for 11 and 8 patients in the intervention and usual care groups
  7. fThe FiO2 was estimated according to Wettstein et al. [23]
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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535