Table 1 Characteristics of included comparative studies for outcome evaluation
From: Improvement of composite kidney outcomes by AKI care bundles: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No. | References | Study design | Population setting | Total patient | Type of care bundles | Use of biomarker and timing of measurement | Primary study endpoints |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kolhe et al. [24] | Prospective observational study | All adult patients who were admitted with or developed AKI, in any location of the hospital | 2297 | KDIGO care bundle | NA | Proportion of AKI episodes with progression to higher AKI stage, length of stay, in-hospital case fatality, 30-day case fatality, 60-day case fatality |
2 | Kolhe et al. [28] | Propensity score-matched cohort study | All adult patients who were admitted with or developed AKI, in any location of the hospital | 3717 | AKI bundle derived from National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD) | NA | All-cause in-hospital case fatality |
3 | Meersch et al. [18] | Randomized controlled trial | Patients who underwent cardiac surgery with the use of CPB | 276 | KDIGO cardiothoracic surgery bundle | Urinary [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] at 4 h after CPB | AKI within the first 72 h after surgery |
4 | Göcze et al. [17] | Randomized controlled trial | Patients who underwent major non-cardiac surgery | 121 | KDIGO care bundle | Urinary [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] at intensive care unit admission | AKI during the first 7 days after surgery |
5 | Kapoor et al. [11] | Randomized controlled trial | Patient underwent on-pump coronary artery surgery | 110 | Goal-directed therapy | Plasma and urinary NGAL, before initiation of surgery, on arrival in the ICU, and 4 h and 24 h later | Plasma and urinary NGAL postoperatively and at 4 h and 24 h after surgery |
6 | Schanz et al. [19] | Randomized controlled trial | Critically ill patients admitted to the monitoring ward, or fulfilling systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, or patient triaged for immediate or highly urgent treatment based on the Manchester Triage | 100 | KDIGO care bundle | Urinary [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] on admission | Incidence of moderate-severe AKI within the first day after admission |
7 | Engelman et al. [26] | Before-and-after study | Patient who underwent on-pump cardiac surgery | 847 | KDIGO care bundle | Urinary TIMP-2·IGFBP7, at the morning after cardiac surgery | Development of stage 2 or 3 AKI |
8 | Koeze et al. [23] | Before-and-after study | Patients in the ICU | 2642 | “Save the kidney” educational intervention bundle adapted from KDIGO | NA | Composite of mortality, RRT, and progression of AKI |
9 | Zarbock et al. [20] | Randomized controlled trial | Patients who underwent cardiac surgery | 278 | KDIGO care bundle | Urinary [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] at 4 h after CPB | Compliance rate to KDIGO bundle |
10 | Halmy et al. [27] | Before-and-after study | Patients who underwent major non-cardiac surgery | 294 | KDIGO care bundle | Urinary TIMP-2·IGFBP7, on ICU admission | Early AKI recovery, i.e., complete reversal of any AKI stage to absence of AKI within the first 7 postoperative days |
11 | Couturier et al. [25] | Before-and-after study | Patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery | 461 | Renal supportive measures according to an ICU local protocol based on KDIGO guidelines | Urinary TIMP-2·IGFBP7, at 4 h after the end of the procedure in the interventional cohort | All AKI within 48 h |
12 | Bourdeaux et al. [22] | Prospective observational study | Patients in the ICU | 4783 | KDIGO care bundle | NA | The proportion AKI patients developing a worse stage of AKI during their stay |
13 | Kotwal et al. [21] | Prospective interventional study | The majority of patients were located in general hospital wards (94.7%) | 614 | “STOP AKI” management guideline | NA | Length of stay and all-cause in-hospital mortality |