Table 2 Characteristics of study population in the included comparative studies
From: Improvement of composite kidney outcomes by AKI care bundles: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No. | References | Age (mean) | Male (%) | Ethnicity (Caucasian%) | Type of surgery | Diabetes (%) | eGFR*** | Risk score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kolhe et al. [24] | 76.9 | 44.4 | 91.4 | NA | Unknown | NA | Charlson’s score (score ≤ 2 in 68% patients) |
2 | Kolhe et al. [28] | 76.4 | 48.9 | 90.3 | Included both surgical and medical patients | Unknown | NA | NA |
3 | Meersch et al. [18] | 68.4 | 68.1 | Unknown | Cardiac surgery | 25.4 | NA | SOFA score: (control) 6.0 ± 2.2; (intervention) 5.9 ± 2.1 APACHE score: (control) 8.9 ± 3.9; (intervention) 8.5 ± 3.2 EuroSCORE: (control) 5; (intervention) 6 |
4 | Göcze et al. [17] | 63 | 73.3 | Unknown | Major elective non-cardiac surgery | Unknown |  > 15 | SAPS II, median (IQR): (standard care) 32 (24.5–38); (intervention) 31 (22–38) |
5 | Kapoor et al. [11] | 55.5 | 39 | Unknown* | On-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery | 13 |  > 15 | EuroSCORE: (control) 3.21 ± 0.97; (GDT) 3.11 ± 0.79 |
6 | Schanz et al. [19] | 66.4 | 44.4 | Unknown | NA | 18.5 | Not undergoing renal replacement therapy | SOFA score, median (IQR): (control) 5 (3–10); (intervention) 7.5 (4.5–8.3) APACHE II score, median (IQR): (control) 15 (12–20.5); (intervention) 18 (10.25–24.5) SAPS II, median (IQR): (control) 39 (29–45); (intervention) 36.5 (26.5–61.0) |
7 | Engelman et al. [26] | 66.3 | 75.5 | 93.4** | Cardiac surgery | 38.9 | Creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL | NA |
8 | Koeze et al. [23] | 59.6 | 62 | Unknown | Included both surgical and medical patients | 15 | Creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL | APACHE IV score,  mean ± SD: (control) 51 (25); (intervention) 52.3 (25) |
9 | Zarbock et al. [20] | 66.9 | 69.1 | Unknown | Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass | 25.7 |  > 20 | SOFA score,  mean ± SD: (control) 9.6 (3.4); (intervention) 10.2 (3.1) APACHE score, median (IQR): (control) 20 (12.5, 22); (intervention) 20 (17.5, 23) |
10 | Halmy et al. [27] | 64 | 59 | Unknown | Major surgery | 20 |  > 15 | SAPS II, median (IQR): (historical control) 30 (23–38.5); (protocol implementation) 30 (24.25–37.75) |
11 | Couturier et al. [25] | 66 | 71 | Unknown | Cardiac surgery | 26 |  > 30 | SOFA score: (control) 6.9 ± 2.5; (TIMP2*IGFBP7) 5.9 ± 2.1 EuroSCORE: (control) 2.4 ± 3.2; (TIMP-2·IGFBP7) 2.3 ± 2.9 |
12 | Bourdeaux et al. [22] | 63 | 32.2 | 98.7 | Included both surgical and medical patients | Unknown | Not undergoing renal replacement therapy | APACHE II/EuroScore: General ICU (control) 15.3 ± 7.1; (intervention) 15 ± 6.6 Cardiac ICU (control) 5.3 ± 2.9; (intervention) 8.9 ± 8.2 |
13 | Kotwal et al. [21] | 74 | 56 | Unknown | NA | 31 | Not undergoing renal replacement therapy | NA |