Table 3 Candidate therapies found effective in models of severe trauma with or without bleeding, which have not been tested (yet) in clinical trials

Oxygen carriers

Human hemoglobin

[87, 88]

Perfluorocarbons

[89]

Platelet dysfunction

Anti-HMGB-1

[90]

Synthetic platelet (particles)

[91, 92]

Cold or frozen platelets

[93]

Platelet vesicles

[94]

Endothelial permeability

rhADAMTS13

[95]

Plasma

[95]

Albumin

[96]

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

[97]

Vasculotide

[98]

Heparan sulfate

[99]

Antithrombin

[100]

Adiponectin

[101]

(Vesicles from) stem cells

[102]

Overshoot damage molecules

Hexadimethrine bromide

[103]

DNAse-1

[104]

Overshoot inflammation

JAK inhibitor Baricitinib

[105]

Macrophage migration inhibitor ISO-1

[106]

Lipid mediator Resolvin D1

[107]

NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium

[108]

Complement activation inhibitor nomacopan

[109]

Hormones

Estrogen

[110]

Blood purification techniques

Hemoadsorption

[111]