Table 1 Baseline characteristics, organ support and outcomes

N

137

63

74

Age, in years

54 [47, 68]

52 [46, 69]

57 [47, 68]

0.410

0.7

Gender

Male

91 (66)

40 (63)

51 (69)

0.587

–

Female

46 (34)

23 (37)

23 (31)

Ethnicity

Asian

4 (3)

3 (5)

1 (1)

0.273

3.6

Black

9 (7)

2 (3)

7 (9)

Caucasian

118 (86)

54 (86)

64 (86)

Other

1 (1)

1 (2)

0 (0)

Missing

5 (4)

3 (5)

2 (3)

Body weight at admission to ICU

Body weight [kg], mean

81.9 (21.4)

80.6 (23.8)

83.1 (19.2)

–

Body mass index

27.2 (6.7)

26.4 (7.8)

27.8 (5.7)

–

Admission diagnosis

Medical

95 (69)

45 (71)

50 (68)

0.585

1.5

Surgical

40 (29)

18 (29)

22 (30)

Missing

2 (1)

0 (0)

2 (3)

Sepsis at admission to ICU

Yes

85 (62)

38 (60)

47 (64)

0.727

–

Sepsis at enrolment

Yes

83 (60.6)

36 (57,1)

47 (64)

0.486

–

Missing

2 (1)

0 (0)

2 (3)

Chronic comorbidities

Chronic lung disease

37 (27)

21 (33)

16 (22)

0.176

–

Chronic heart failure

15 (11)

8 (13)

7 (9)

0.592

–

Coronary artery disease

30 (22)

11 (17)

19 (26)

0.302

–

Chronic liver disease

13 (9)

3 (5)

10 (14)

0.141

–

CKD 1 – 3a

6 (4)

2 (3)

4 (5)

0.687

–

Chronic GI disease

15 (11)

8 (13)

7 (9)

0.592

–

Diabetes

20 (15)

5 (8)

15 (20)

0.053

–

Hypertension

50 (36)

21 (33)

29 (39)

0.593

–

Cancer

21 (15)

8 (13)

13 (18)

0.483

–

Season

Summer

68 (50)

33 (52)

35 (47)

0.609

–

Winter

69 (50)

30 (48)

39 (53)

APACHE II score (on admission)

18 (6)

14 (4)

21 (5)

 < 0.001

–

Mechanically ventilated at admission

115 (84)

56 (89)

59 (80)

0.167

–

[SOFA minus renal] score (Day 0)

10 [7, 12]

8 [7, 10]

11 [9, 13]

< 0.001

6.6

CRP on day 0 [mg/dL]

123 [54, 253]

98 [57, 187]

149 [54, 275]

0.057

11.7

Ionized calcium (Day 0) [mmol/L]

1.1 [1.1,1.2]

1.1 [1.1,1.2]

1.1 [1.1,1.2]

0.856

6.6

Received ECMO during stay in ICU

41 (30)

16 (25)

25 (34)

0.350

–

Plasma exchange during stay in ICU

3 (2)

1 (2)

2 (3)

1.000

–

Kidney function at Day 5

AKI

51 (37)

0 (0)

51 (69)

<0.001

-

Recovered from AKI

23 (17)

0 (0)

23 (31)

Normal throughout

52 (38)

52 (83)

0 (0)

New AKI on day 5

11 (8)

11 (17)

0 (0)

ICU mortality

25 (18)

5 (8)

20 (27)

0.004

–

Hospital mortality

31 (23)

6 (10)

25 (34)

0.001

–

Missing data

2 (1)

1 (2)

1 (1)

Died within 30 days of enrolment

31 (23)

6 (10)

25 (34)

< 0.001

–

Missing data

7 (5)

6 (10)

1 (1)

Hospital length of stay

22 [13, 35]

18 [13, 31]

28 [16, 45]

0.075

51.8