Table 1 Baseline and disease characteristics in patients with and without QTP
|  | Non-QTP (n = 789) | QTPa (n = 235) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | |||
Age, years | 59.9 ± 16.2 | 63.6 ± 15.3 | 0.002 |
Sex, female, % | 251 (31.8) | 81 (34.5) | 0.445 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.25 ± 3.55 | 22.97 ± 3.46 | 0.292 |
Body surface area (m2) | 1.73 ± 0.17 | 1.69 ± 0.19 | 0.013 |
Baseline comorbidities | |||
Hypertension, % | 215 (27.25) | 80 (34.04) | 0.044 |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 170 (21.55) | 53 (22.55) | 0.743 |
Coronary artery disease, % | 44 (5.58) | 37 (15.74) | < 0.001 |
Structural heart disease, % | 38 (4.82) | 30 (12.77) |  < 0.001 |
Congenital heart disease, % | 12 (1.52) | 2 (0.85) | 0.438 |
Renal insufficiency, % | 35 (4.44) | 23 (9.79) | 0.002 |
COPDb, % | 35 (4.44) | 35 (14.89) |  < 0.001 |
Liver cirrhosis, % | 23 (2.92) | 10 (4.26) | 0.307 |
Charlson score | 1 [0, 2] | 2 [1, 3] |  < 0.001 |
Recentc surgery, % | 129 (16.35) | 42 (17.87) | 0.583 |
Recentc chemo/immunotherapy, % | 59 (7.48) | 11 (4.68) | 0.136 |
Clinical characteristics | |||
Severe sepsis/shock, % | 159 (20.15) | 110 (46.80) |  < 0.001 |
qSOFAd score | 1 [1, 2] | 2 [1, 2] |  < 0.001 |
SOFAe score | 3 [2, 6] | 6 [3, 8] | < 0.001 |
Acute heart failure, % | 68 (8.62) | 70 (29.79) |  < 0.001 |
Acute renal failure, % | 127 (16.10) | 95 (40.43) |  < 0.001 |
Acute respiratory failure, % | 124 (15.72) | 114 (48.51) |  < 0.001 |
Acute liver failure, % | 47 (5.96) | 26 (11.06) | 0.008 |
Laboratory results | |||
White blood cell count, *109/L | 10.38 ± 8.70 | 13.20 ± 18.57 | 0.001 |
Neutrophil, % | 75.37 ± 16.42 | 82.21 ± 31.64 |  < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin, g/L | 106.84 ± 24.93 | 107.12 ± 27.22 | 0.880 |
C-reactive protein, mg/L | 75.33 ± 72.59 | 92.14 ± 78.56 | 0.018 |
Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 10.39 ± 42.88 | 12.39 ± 23.50 | 0.493 |
Lactate level | 2.84 ± 2.33 | 4.03 ± 3.12 |  < 0.001 |
Pro-BNP, pg/mL | 585.2 [159.4, 2520.0] | 1383.7 [458.4, 4945.0] |  < 0.001 |
Troponin T, ng/mL | 0.136 ± 0.823 | 0.141 ± 0.758 | 0.958 |
Creatinine, μmoI/L | 107.75 ± 130.77 | 168.43 ± 210.62 |  < 0.001 |
Bilirubin, mmol/L | 22.24 ± 50.94 | 27.70 ± 56.72 | 0.161 |
Alanine transaminase, U/L | 58.70 ± 191.20 | 83.94 ± 305.19 | 0.127 |
Albumin, g/L | 33.74 ± 6.61 | 32.72 ± 6.45 | 0.038 |
Serum potassium, mmol/L | 3.86 ± 0.57 | 3.89 ± 0.72 | 0.457 |
Serum calcium, mmol/L | 2.312 ± 0.19 | 2.12 ± 0.20 | 0.964 |
Etiology | |||
Positive blood culture | 353 (44.74) | 84 (35.74) | 0.014 |
Gram-positive bacteria, % | 139 (39.38) | 23 (27.38) | 0.041 |
Gram-negative bacteria, % | 200 (56.66) | 58 (69.05) | 0.038 |
Non-bacteria, % | 20 (5.67) | 8 (9.52) | 0.194 |
Portal of entry of the infection | |||
Lungs | 306 (38.78) | 122 (51.91) | 0.001 |
Abdominal | 178 (22.56) | 58 (24.68) | 0.498 |
Cardiovascular | 52 (6.59) | 13 (5.53) | 0.559 |
Central nervous system | 71 (9.00) | 17 (7.23) | 0.314 |
Urinary | 157 (19.90) | 42 (17.87) | 0.491 |
Catheter-related | 33 (4.18) | 10 (4.26) | 0.961 |
Others | 87 (11.03) | 25 (10.64) | 0.867 |
Unknown | 79 (10.01) | 15 (6.38) | 0.091 |
Treatment | |||
Antibiotic use | 788 (99.87) | 233 (99.15) | 0.361 |
Vasoactive drugs | 189 (23.95) | 101 (42.98) |  < 0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation | 235 (29.78) | 119 (50.64) |  < 0.001 |
Tracheal intubation | 139 (17.62) | 89 (37.87) |  < 0.001 |
Fluids infused | 206 (26.11) | 117 (49.79) | < 0.001 |
Outcome | |||
In-hospital mortality, % | 118 (14.96) | 77 (32.77) | < 0.001 |
Length of hospital stay, days | 12.0 [7.0, 19.6] | 11.4 [6.6, 19.0] | 0.322 |
30-day mortality, % | 98 (12.42) | 67 (28.51) |  < 0.001 |