Fig. 2

A–F Plasma GFAP and tau by time point, cardiac arrest group, and outcome. Boxplots are shown for GFAP in panels A, B and tau levels in panels D, E at ICU admission, 12 and 48 h post cardiac arrest for OHCA and IHCA, respectively. The boxes show the median and interquartile range (IQR). The bold lines in panels C and F show the trajectory trend, smoothed via generalised additive models, of GFAP and tau with 95% CI. The dots represent samples and the lines patients. Additional samples (n = 60) collected outside the defined time points (admission [0–6 h], 12 ± 6 h, and 48 ± 6 h post-arrest) were included. GFAP glial fibrillary protein, OHCA out‑of‑hospital cardiac arrest, IHCA in‑hospital cardiac arrest, CPC Cerebral Performance Category