Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
From: GFAP point-of-care measurement for prehospital diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage in acute coma
ICH | SAH | SDH | EDH | Ischemic stroke | Seizures | CNS infection | Cardio-pulmonary | Metabolic | Intoxication | Psychogenic | Unknown | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 24 (16.7%) | 22 (15.3%) | 3 (2.1%) | 2 (1.4%) | 21 (14.6%) | 19 (13.2%) | 1 (0.7%) | 32 (22.2%) | 5 (3.5%) | 7 (4.9%) | 5 (3.5%) | 2 (1.4%) |
Female; % | 41.7 (10/24) | 68.1 (15/22) | 33.3 (1/3) | 0.0 (0) | 57.1 (12/21) | 36.8 (7/19) | 100.0 (1/1) | 28.1 (9/32) | 40.0 (2/5) | 42.9 (3/7) | 20.0 (1/5) | 0.0 (0) |
Age, mean ± SD; years | 77 ± 12 | 57 ± 21 | 62 ± 32 | 63 ± 9 | 80 ± 12 | 59 ± 22 | 66 ± 0 | 65 ± 17 | 73 ± 11 | 44 ± 15 | 40 ± 20 | 62 ± 18 |
GCS, median (IQR) | 4 (3–6) | 3 (3–5.25) | 6 (5.5–14) | 4.5 (3.75) | 5 (4–7) | 4 (3–7) | 9 | 3 (3–4.75) | 4 (3–6) | 3 (3–9) | 6 (3–6) | 3 |
Time span < 2 h (if known) % | 37.5 (9/24) | 63.6 (14/22) | 66.7 (2/3) | 100.0 (2/2) | 42.8 (9/21) | 47.4 (9/19) | 0.0 (0) | 78.1 (25/32) | 0.0 (0) | 57.1 (4/7) | 40.0 (2/5) | 50.0 (1/2) |
Anticoagulation; % | 50 | 9 | 33.3 | 0 | 33.3 | 5.3 | 0 | 15.6 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 50,0 |
Vitamin K-antagonist | 12.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Dabigatran | 0 | 4,5 | 0 | 0 | 4.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Apixaban | 20.8 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 9.5 | 5.3 | 0 | 12.5 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Rivaroxaban | 16.6 | 0 | 33.3 | 0 | 4.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
Edoxaban | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Enoxaparin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3,1 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Resuscitation; % | 4.2 (1/24) | 9.1 (2/22) | 33.3 (1/3) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | 5.2 (1/19) | 0.0 (0) | 68.8 (22/32) | 40.0 (2/5) | 14.2 (1/7) | 0.0 (0) | 100.0 (2/2) |
Neurosurgical Intervention; % | 33.3 (8/24) | 68.2 (15/22) | 33.3 (1/3) | 50.0 (1/2) | 0.0 (0) | 0,0 (0/19) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) |
Trauma; % | 16.6 (4/24) | 59.1 (13/22) | 33.3 (1/3) | 100.0 (2/2) | 14.3 (3/21) | 21.0 (4/19) | 0.0 (0) | 25.0 (8/32) | 0.0 (0) | 57.1 (4/7) | 20.0 (1/5) | 50.0 (1/2) |
In-hospital mortality; % | 25.0 (6/24) | 54.5 (12/22) | 66.7 (2/3) | 50.0 (1/2) | 57.1 (12/21) | 10.5 (2/19) | 0.0 (0) | 43.8 (14/32) | 60.0 (3/5) | 14.2 (1/7) | 0.0 (0) | 100.0 (2/2) |
GFAP; Median (IQR); pg/mL | 7768.5 (983–10,001) | 1981.5 (456.25–8113.75) | 358 (245) | 3192.5 (884) | 110 (29–651.5) | 31 (29–81) | 584 (584) | 49 (31.75–70.25) | 34 (29–457) | 29 (29–29) | 29 (29–87.5) | 2409.5 (1219.5) |