Table 1 Baseline characteristics and resuscitation variables of OHCA patients according to neurological outcome
| Â | Neurological outcome | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Derivation (N = 265) | Validation (N = 178) | Total (N = 443) | ||||||
| Â | Good (N = 77) | Poor (N = 188) | P value | Good (N = 50) | Poor (N = 128) | P value | Good (N = 127) | Poor (N = 316) | P value |
Age (years) | 58.0 (15.5) | 66.0 (15.2) | \(<0.001\) | 58.0 (16.8) | 65.6 (16.0) | 0.007 | 58.0 (15.9) | 65.8 (15.5) | \(<0.001\) |
Male | 59 (76.6) | 127 (67.6) | 0.188 | 38 (76.0) | 87 (68.0) | 0.384 | 97 (76.4) | 214 (67.7) | 0.092 |
CAD | 7 (9.1) | 14 (7.4) | 0.842 | 5 (10.0) | 11 (8.6) | 0.997 | 12 (9.4) | 25 (7.9) | 0.735 |
CVA | 2 (2.6) | 7 (3.7) | 0.932 | 0 (0) | 10 (7.8) | 0.094 | 2 (1.6) | 17 (5.4) | 0.127 |
HTN | 15 (19.5) | 54 (28.7) | 0.161 | 9 (18.0) | 31 (24.2) | 0.488 | 24 (18.9) | 85 (26.9) | 0.100 |
ESRD | 4 (5.2) | 17 (9.0) | 0.422 | 4 (8.0) | 13 (10.2) | 0.876 | 8 (6.3) | 30 (9.5) | 0.369 |
DM | 11 (14.3) | 36 (19.1) | 0.445 | 5 (10.0) | 21 (16.4) | 0.395 | 16 (12.6) | 57 (18.0) | 0.210 |
COPD/asthma | 1 (1.3) | 9 (4.8) | 0.318 | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.1) | 0.483 | 1 (0.8) | 13 (4.1) | 0.131 |
Heart failure | 2 (2.6) | 8 (4.3) | 0.773 | 2 (4.0) | 4 (3.1) | 1.000 | 4 (3.1) | 12 (3.8) | 0.961 |
Malignancy | 2 (2.6) | 26 (13.8) | 0.013 | 4 (8.0) | 16 (12.5) | 0.555 | 6 (4.7) | 42 (13.3) | 0.014 |
Resuscitation variables | |||||||||
Prehospital CPR | 65 (84.4) | 153 (81.4) | 0.682 | 39 (78.0) | 110 (85.9) | 0.288 | 104 (81.9) | 263 (83.2) | 0.843 |
Witnessed collapse | 65 (84.4) | 133 (70.7) | 0.030 | 46 (90.0) | 97 (75.8) | 0.055 | 110 (86.6) | 230 (72.8) | 0.003 |
Epinephrine (mg) | 1.7 (2.3) | 4.9 (4.4) | \(<0.001\) | 2.7 (3.9) | 4.4 (3.8) | 0.012 | 2.1 (3.1) | 4.7 (4.2) | \(<0.001\) |
CPR duration (min) | 20.0 (11.1) | 23.9 (11.1) | 0.009 | 18.0 (11.4) | 23.1 (10.0) | 0.008 | 19.2 (11.2) | 23.6 (10.6) | \(<0.001\) |
DBP (mmHg) | 86.1 (29.8) | 66.6 (24.9) | \(<0.001\) | 80.4 (22.9) | 65.5 (22.4) | \(<0.001\) | 83.9 (27.3) | 66.1 (23.9) | \(<0.001\) |
SBP (mmHg) | 137.6 (47.4) | 113.0 (41.0) | \(<0.001\) | 137.0 (41.0) | 114.9 (39.4) | 0.002 | 137.4 (44.8) | 113.8 (40.3) | \(<0.001\) |
Heart rate (/min) | 100.1 (28.8) | 102.4 (30.7) | 0.549 | 103.5 (26.7) | 101.2 (32.5) | 0.625 | 101.4 (27.9) | 101.9 (31.4) | 0.865 |
pH | 7.17 (0.15) | 7.06 (0.16) | \(<0.001\) | 7.18 (0.14) | 7.07 (0.16) | \(<0.001\) | 7.17 (0.15) | 7.07 (0.16) | \(<0.001\) |
Lactic acid (mmole/L) | 9.0 (4.4) | 10.6 (3.6) | 0.006 | 8.8 (4.1) | 11.3 (4.8) | 0.001 | 8.9 (4.3) | 10.9 (4.1) | \(<0.001\) |
Troponin (ng/L) | 4.8 (10.9) | 17.2 (77.5) | 0.034 | 15.2 (35.6) | 20.3 (86.1) | 0.573 | 8.9 (24.3) | 18.5 (81.0) | 0.058 |
Brain CT image analysis | |||||||||
CT timing (min) | 106.2 (110.0) | 101.1 (50.2) | 0.699 | 85.2 (51.3) | 108.3 (93.6) | 0.038 | 97.9 (91.8) | 104.0 (71.0) | 0.502 |
Manual_b | 1.25 (0.08) | 1.19 (0.10) | \(<0.001\) | 1.26 (0.09) | 1.20 (0.10) | \(<0.001\) | 1.25 (0.08) | 1.19 (0.10) | \(<0.001\) |
Manual_s | 1.28 (0.08) | 1.20 (0.11) | \(<0.001\) | 1.28 (0.09) | 1.21 (0.10) | \(<0.001\) | 1.28 (0.08) | 1.21 (0.11) | \(<0.001\) |
Automated_b | 1.24 (0.04) | 1.18 (0.08) | \(<0.001\) | 1.24 (0.04) | 1.19 (0.08) | \(<0.001\) | 1.24 (0.04) | 1.19 (0.08) | \(<0.001\) |
Automated_s | 1.23 (0.04) | 1.17 (0.07) | \(<0.001\) | 1.23 (0.04) | 1.17 (0.07) | \(<0.001\) | 1.23 (0.04) | 1.17 (0.07) | \(<0.001\) |
Post-cardiac arrest management | |||||||||
PCI | 60 (77.9) | 49 (26.1) | \(<0.001\) | 33 (66.0) | 39 (30.5) | \(<0.001\) | 93 (73.2) | 88 (27.8) | \(<0.001\) |
ECMO | 15 (19.5) | 48 (25.5) | 0.373 | 17 (34.0) | 29 (22.7) | 0.173 | 32 (25.2) | 77 (24.4) | 0.951 |
TTM | 41 (53.2) | 82 (43.6) | 0.197 | 18 (36.0) | 55 (43.0) | 0.497 | 59 (46.5) | 137 (43.4) | 0.625 |